|
The term Finglish was introduced by professor Martti Nisonen in the 1920s in Hancock, Michigan, to describe a linguistic phenomenon he encountered in America. As the term describes, Finglish is a mixture of English and Finnish. In Finglish the English lexical items are nativized and inserted into the framework of Finnish morphology and syntax. The Finnish immigrants to USA and Canada are one group that speak Finglish, but Finglish is also found in any place in Finland, where international contacts and popular culture exists, including Finnish language learners. The history of Finglish may be divided between Old Finglish and New Finglish. ==History== Old Finglish originated amongst the first and second generation Finnish immigrants in US and Canada. Since few of them had any higher education or language skills, many of them ended up in menial and industrial jobs, where they learned English through practice. The language skills of the first generation American Finns remained always limited; second and third-generation American Finns usually were more or less bilingual. Finglish emerged as a pidgin with something they already knew (Finnish) and something they were bound to learn (English). Most of the Finnish immigrants were from the provinces of Savonia, Tavastia and Ostrobothnia, and the grammar also reflected those dialects. The most common characteristic of Old Finglish were (in descending order): Words used in US Finglish often have completely different meanings in Finnish; they have become expressive loans: ruuma (room; in Finnish "cargo hold"), piiri (beer; "district"), leijata (to play; "to hover"), reisi (crazy; "thigh") or touvi (stove; "halyard"). US Finglish compound words can produce combinations completely incomprehensible to native Finnish speakers, like piirikäki (beer keg; "district cuckoo") or ilmapiika (flight attendant; "air maid"). Old Finglish is not bound to survive, and its native speakers are now in their 80s and 90s. The descendants of most American Finns are today either completely monolingual, or, if they have kept their ties to their foreparents' language, speak ordinary Finnish beside English. Example of old Finglish: which translates as For comparison, without Anglicisms: Relatively few words from old Finglish have become standard Finnish, but note ''kämppä'' "log cabin", "(temporary) accommodation" from English ''camp'' and ''mainari'' "miner". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Finglish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|