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The ataaba ((アラビア語:عتابا), meaning "plaint" or "dirge", also transliterated 'ataba) is a traditional Arabic musical form sung at weddings or festivals, and sometimes also by people at work.〔 Popular in Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Jordan, it was originally a Bedouin genre, improvised by a solo poet-singer accompanying himself on the rababa. As part of the Palestinian folk music tradition, ataabas are generally performed by a vocal soloist, without instrumental accompaniment, who improvises the melody using folk poetry for the verse.〔Kaschl, 2003, p. 249.〕 Sung unmetered in stanzas comprising four lines, the last word of the first three lines are homonyms, each with a different meaning, creating a pun. In urban settings, the ataaba is often paired with a metric choral refrain called a ''mījanā''.〔 The ataaba is also used by rural Palestinian women to express grief or reproach.〔Armitage et al., 2002, p. 324.〕 The most common theme of an ataaba is love, though eulogies are also common. Less common themes include moral instruction, and descriptions of nature.〔Cohen and Katz, 2006, p. 262.〕 ==Structure== About half of all ataabas do not use fixed meter, while the other half use a standard ''rajaz'' or ''wāfir'' meter.〔 Generally composed of four verses of poetry, the first three end with the same sound.〔Farsoun, 2004, p. 117.〕 The end of a verse or quatrain in an ataaba is marked by adding a word ending in "-ba" to the end of the fourth hemistich.〔Pavla etal., 2008, p. 11.〕 The fourth and final verse usually ends with a word ending in the sound ''aab'' or ''awa''.〔 While there are four lines of verse in an ataaba, these are usually sung as two musical phrases. These phrases are often a melodic curve beginning on the fourth or fifth, descending to the cadence and ending on the supertonic or tonic.〔 All ataabas are performed by a soloist, who often begins by singing a long melismatic phrase on the syllable ''ōf''.〔 While this opening sequence is not necessarily a part of the ataaba, the closing melismatic phrase sung to words such as ''yā bā'' ("O father"), ''yā mā'' ("O mother"), or ''yā eyn'' ("O eyes"), etc., is an integral part of the song's structure and is unique to this musical form.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ataaba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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