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A "-''wich'' town" is a settlement in Anglo-Saxon England characterised by extensive artisanal activity and tradean "emporium"and supplied . The name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon suffix , signifying "a dwelling〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Nottinghamshire History )〕 or fortified place". Such settlements were usually coastal and many have left material traces found during excavation.〔Simon T. Loseby, "(Power and towns in Late Roman Britain and early Anglo-Saxon England )" in Gisela Ripoll and Josep M. Gurt, eds., ''Sedes regiae (ann. 400-800)'' (Barcelona, 2000), especially p. 356 ff.〕 Eilert Ekwall wrote: " ', an early loan-word from Lat ''ラテン語:vicus'', means ‘dwelling, dwelling-place; village, hamlet, town; street in a town; farm, esp. a dairy-farm’. . . . It is impossible to distinguish neatly between the various senses. Probably the most common meaning is ‘dairy-farm’. . . . In names of salt-working towns . . . ''wīc'' originally denoted the buildings connected with a salt-pit or even the town that grew up around it. But a special meaning ‘salt-works’, found already in DB, developed."〔Ekwall, Eilert (1960). ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names'' (fourth ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 515–516〕 As well as ''-wich'', ''-'' was the origin of the endings and ,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.krysstal.com/wordname.html )〕 as, for example, in Papplewick, Nottinghamshire. Four former "-''wīc'' towns" are known in England as the consequence of excavation. Two of theseJorvik (Jorwic) in present-day York and Lundenwic near Londonare waterfront sites, while the other two, Hamwic in Southampton and Gipeswic (Gippeswic) in Ipswich are further inland.〔R. Hodges, ''The Anglo-Saxon Achievement: archaeology and the beginnings of English society'', () 1989:69-104; and, as emporia, C. Scull, "Urban centres in pre-Viking England?" in J. Hines, ed. ''The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century: an ethnological perspective'', 1997:269-98.〕 ==Springs and wells== As also means "bay" in Old English, ''wich'' and ''wych'' are also used in names to denote brine springs or wells. By the eleventh century, the use of ''-wich'' in placenames had been extended to include areas associated with salt production. At least nine English towns and cities carry the suffix, although only five of these tend to be associated with salt: Droitwich in Worcestershire and the four -''wich'' towns of Middlewich, Nantwich, Northwich and Leftwich in Cheshire. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「-wich town」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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