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10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second (10×109 or 10 billion bits per second). It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard. Unlike previous Ethernet standards, 10 Gigabit Ethernet defines only full duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by network switches; shared-medium CSMA/CD operation has not been carried over from the previous generations Ethernet standards. Half duplex operation and repeater hubs do not exist in 10GbE.〔IEEE 802.3-2012 ''44.1.1 Scope''〕
Like previous versions of Ethernet, 10GbE can use either copper or fiber cabling. However, because of its bandwidth requirements, higher-grade copper cables are required: category 6a or Class F/Category 7 cables for links up to 100m. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard encompasses a number of different physical layer (PHY) standards. A networking device, such as a switch or a network interface controller may have different PHY types through pluggable PHY modules, such as those based on SFP+. At the time that the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard was developed, interest in 10GbE as a wide area network (WAN) transport led to the introduction of a WAN PHY for 10GbE. The WAN PHY encapsulates Ethernet packets in SONET OC-192c frames and operates at a slightly slower data-rate (9.95328 Gbit/s) than the local area network (LAN) PHY.
The adoption of 10 Gigabit Ethernet has been more gradual than previous revisions of Ethernet: in 2007, one million 10GbE ports were shipped, in 2009 two million ports were shipped, and in 2010 over three million ports were shipped,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dell'Oro press release )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Intel blog about Interop 2011 )〕 with an estimated nine million ports in 2011.〔http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/03/google-microsoft-network-gear/〕 , the price per port of 10 Gigabit Ethernet relative to its one gigabit counterpart still hindered more widespread adoption, even though the price per gigabit of bandwidth enabled by 10 Gigabit Ethernet was already about one-third compared to the bandwidth cost of its one gigabit per second predecessor.〔(10 Gigabit Ethernet still too expensive on servers )〕〔(Soz, switch-fondlers: Doesn't look like 2013 is 10Gb Ethernet's year )〕
==Standards==
Over the years the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 working group has published several standards relating to 10GbE. These included: 802.3ae-2002 (fiber -SR, -LR, -ER and -LX4 PMDs), 802.3ak-2004 (-CX4 copper twin-ax InfiniBand type cable), 802.3an-2006 (10GBASE-T copper twisted pair), 802.3ap-2007 (copper backplane -KR and -KX4 PMDs) and 802.3aq-2006 (fiber -LRM PMD with enhanced equalization). The 802.3ae-2002 and 802.3ak-2004 amendments were consolidated into the IEEE 802.3-2005 standard. IEEE 802.3-2005 and the other amendments were consolidated into IEEE Std 802.3-2008.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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