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11-Hydroxy-THC
11-Hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) is the main active metabolite of THC which is formed in the body after cannabis consumption. 11-Hydroxy-THC has been shown to be active in its own right, but the effects produced are not necessarily identical to those of THC. This might partially explain the biphasic effects of cannabis, whereby some effects such as increased appetite tend to be delayed rather than occurring immediately when the drug is consumed. 11-OH-THC is more potent than THC and crosses the blood–brain barrier more easily.〔(Possible hepatotoxicity of chronic marijuana usage ) Sao Paulo Med. J. vol.122 no.3 São Paulo May 2004.〕
Peak THC concentrations are lower after oral than smoked administration, but conversely, 11-OH-THC/THC ratios are higher after oral than smoked cannabis. After oral administration, approximately equal quantities of THC and 11-OH-THC are formed, whereas 11-OH-THC is a minor constituent after administration by intravenous or smoking routes.〔(The metabolism of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and related cannabinoids in man ) J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 Aug-Sep;21(8-9 Suppl):178S-189S.〕 Because oral doses are processed by the liver before entering the bloodstream, oral THC produces high levels of 11-OH-THC, while smoked cannabis does not.〔(Government Marijuana Researcher Speaks Favorably About Marijuana's Medical Utility ) NORML September 26, 1996.〕
11-Hydroxy-THC is subsequently metabolised further to 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC, which is not psychoactive but might still play a role in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of cannabis.
== References ==
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