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Santos-Dumont 14-bis
The ''14-bis'' ''(フランス語:Quatorze-bis)'', also known as ''フランス語:Oiseau de proie'' ("bird of prey" in French),〔Bruce, Stuart E. (Mechanical Flight ) Flight'', 20 February 1909, p.108〕 was a pioneer era canard biplane designed and built by Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont. The aircraft made the first publicly witnessed European manned flights by a powered heavier-than-air machine.
==Background==
In June 1905 Gabriel Voisin tested a glider by having it towed by a fast boat on the River Seine, making a flight of over . The glider's wing and tail were made up of Hargrave cells, a box kite-like structure that provided a degree of inherent stability. This established the Hargrave cell as a configuration useful not only for kites but also for heavier-than-air aircraft.〔Gibbs-Smith 1974, p.160〕 Santos-Dumont was living in Paris at the time, and was one of the most active "aeronauts" in Europe, having developed a series of non-rigid airships that displayed unparalleled agility, speed, endurance, and ease of control. Santos-Dumont met Voisin at the end of 1905, and commissioned him to help him construct an aircraft with the intention of attempting to win one of the prizes for heavier-than-air flights offered by the Aéro-Club de France to promote the development of heavier-than-air aviation in France.〔Wykeham 1962, pp202-3〕 These included the ''Coupe Ernest Archdeacon'' prize of a silver trophy and 1500 francs for the first flight of and another prize of 1500 francs for the first flight of .〔Gibbs-Smith 1974, p. 137.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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