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19-Norprogesterone
19-Norprogesterone (19-NOR-P), also known as 19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a close analogue of the steroid progesterone, lacking only the C-19 methyl group of that molecule. The 1953 discovery that a preparation of 19-NOR-P gave results equivalent to progesterone in assays detecting inhibitors of ovulation led to the birth of an ultimately successful industrial-academic program of medicinal chemistry-driven research into contraception; when arduous preparation of synthetic 19-NOR-P was streamlined and crystalline material was obtained, the norsteroid proved 4-8 more active than the natural steroid.〔Here and following see: Enrique Ravina, 2011, "The Evolution of Drug Discovery," Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, p. 185-188; ISBN 978-3-527-32669-3. See (), accessed 28 May 2014.〕 Chemistry used in 1938 to increase the bioavailability of ethisterone was cross-applied by Carl Djerassi and coworkers at Syntex in Mexico City in 1951 to prepare norethisterone, a synthetic norsteroid that was the first orally bioavailable progestin highly active in preventing ovulation. First human trials regarding contraceptive safety and efficacy were conducted using the related norethynodrel from G.D. Searle & Co.〔See Combined oral contraceptive pill#Studies of progestins to prevent ovulation, and references therein.〕
From the perspective of modern pharmaceutical design, 19-NOR-P possesses mineralocorticoid activities and remains a potent progestogen; however, it is no longer considered a clinically useful agent. Nevertheless, it is the parent of a series of progestins that remain in use as drugs, including nomegestrol acetate, promegestone, trimegestone, gestonorone, and nestorone.
==See also==
* Nandrolone, the equivalent nor-steroid derived from testosterone, and an anabolic steroid
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