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rect 1 1 298 178 Irish Civil War rect 302 1 572 178 Prohibition in the United States rect 1 181 194 400 Women's suffrage rect 198 181 395 399 Babe Ruth rect 399 182 572 401 Spirit of St. Louis rect 1 405 250 599 Chinese Civil War rect 255 404 416 599 March on Rome rect 419 405 572 598 1929 stock market crash The 1920s (pronounced “nineteen-twenties”, commonly abbreviated as the "''“Twenties”''") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1920 and ended on December 31, 1929. In North America, it is frequently referred to as the “Roaring Twenties” or the “Jazz Age”, while in Europe the period is sometimes referred to as the “Golden Age Twenties”〔(Paul Sann, The Lawless Decade ) Retrieved 2009-09-03〕 because of the economic boom following World War I. French speakers refer to the period as the ''“années folles”'' (“Crazy Years”), emphasizing the era’s social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. The economic prosperity experienced by many countries during the 1920s (especially the United States) was similar in nature to that experienced in the 1950s and 1990s. Each period of prosperity was the result of a paradigm shift in global affairs. These shifts in the 1920s, 1950s, and 1990s, occurred as the result of the conclusion of World War I and Spanish flu, World War II, and the Cold War, respectively. The 1920s saw foreign oil companies begin operations throughout South America. Venezuela became the world’s second largest oil producing nation. Prosperity in the 1920s was not ubiquitous, however. The German Weimar Republic experienced a severe economic downturn as a result of the enormous debts it agreed to repay as part of the Treaty of Versailles. The economic crisis that resulted led to a devaluation of the Mark in 1923 and to severe economic problems. The economic hardships experienced by Germans during this period resulted in an environment conducive to the rise of the Nazi Party. The 1920s were also characterized by the rise of radical political movements, especially in regions that were once part of empires. Communism spread as a consequence of the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks’ victory in the Russian Civil War. Fear of the spread of Communism led to the emergence of far right political movements and fascism in Europe. Economic problems contributed to the emergence of dictators in Eastern Europe and the Balkans, to include Józef Piłsudski in the Second Polish Republic, and Peter and Alexander Karađorđević in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The devastating Wall Street Crash in October 1929 is generally viewed as a harbinger of the end of 1920s prosperity in North America and Europe. == Social history == The Roaring Twenties brought about several novel and highly visible social and cultural trends. These trends, made possible by sustained economic prosperity, were most visible in major cities like New York, Chicago, Paris, Berlin and London. “Normalcy” returned to politics in the wake of hyper-emotional patriotism during World War I, jazz blossomed, and Art Deco peaked. For women, knee-length skirts and dresses became socially acceptable, as did bobbed hair with a marcel wave. The women who pioneered these trends were frequently referred to as flappers. The era saw the large-scale adoption of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures and electricity, unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle and culture. The media began to focus on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars. Large baseball stadiums were built in major U.S. cities, in addition to palatial cinemas. The decade also saw the advent of television, albeit on a very limited scale.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The First Public Demonstration of Television 1925 )〕 In many Western countries women gained the right to vote. The 1920s also marked a watershed in rural-urban migration in the United States: by the end of the decade, the population in urban areas surpassed that of rural areas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1920s」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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