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1991 Union Square derailment
Shortly after midnight on August 28, 1991, a New York City Subway train on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line derailed as it was about to enter 14th Street - Union Square. Five people were killed. It was the worst accident on the subway system since the 1928 Times Square derailment. The motorman was found at fault for intoxication and excessive speed, and served time in prison for manslaughter.
==Accident==
At about 12:12 am on August 28, 1991, a ten-car downtown 4 Lexington Avenue Express train with approximately 216 passengers derailed at a crossover as it was about to enter 14th Street - Union Square.〔"Case Study Number Ten: Union Square Station, New York City--August 28, 1991", in: John Kimball and Hollis Stambaugh, ''Special Report: Rail Emergencies'', Technical report series (United States Fire Administration) USFA-TR-094, (Maryland ): Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration, National Fire Data Center, (), (p. 27 ).〕 The local speed limit was ; the train was traveling at as much as five times that speed, too fast for the automatic braking system on the line to stop it in time.〔Robert D. McFadden, ("Catastrophe Under Union Square; Crash on the Lexington IRT: Motorman's Run to Disaster" ), ''The New York Times'', September 1, 1991.〕〔("Probe Finds Subway's Speed Outstripped Safety System" ), ''The Washington Post'', August 31, 1991 (subscription required)〕 The first car was cut in half and the second folded in half by the barrier between the express and local tracks, and another three cars were seriously damaged.〔〔〔 Five people died, all almost immediately.〔 Several support columns were destroyed, causing the street above to immediately subside half an inch (1.1 cm).〔"Project Management in Practice: The Wreckmaster at a New York Subway Accident", in: Jack R. Meredith and Samuel J. Mantel Jr., ''Project Management: A Managerial Approach'', 8th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2012, ISBN 9780470533024, ''(pp. 115–17 ).〕 It was the worst accident to happen in the New York City Subway since the Times Square disaster of 1928.〔〔Brian J. Cudahy, "Preface to the Second Revised Edition", ''Under the Sidewalks of New York: The Story of the Greatest Subway System in the World'', 1979, 2nd rev. ed. New York: Fordham University, 1995, ISBN 9780585195254, p. ix.〕
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