|
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels. The notation 2-4-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement on which its water is carried in tanks mounted on the locomotive, rather than in an attached tender. Other equivalent classifications are: * UIC classification: 1'B (also known as German and Italian classifications) * French classification: 120 * Turkish classification: 23 * Swiss classification: 2/3 * Russian classification: 1-2-0 ==Overview== The 2-4-0 configuration was developed in the United Kingdom (UK) in the late 1830s or early 1840s as an enlargement of the 2-2-0 and 2-2-2 types, with the additional pair of driving wheels giving better adhesion. The type was initially designed for freight haulage. One of the earliest examples was the broad-gauge GWR Leo Class, designed by Daniel Gooch and built during 1841 and 1842 by R and W Hawthorn and Company, Fenton, Murray and Jackson, and Rothwell and Company. Because of its popularity for a period with English railways, noted railway author C. Hamilton Ellis considered the 2-4-0 designation to have the nickname (under the Whyte notation) of 'Old English'. During 1846-47 Alexander Allan of the newly established London and North Western Railway (LNWR) created the 'Crewe type' of locomotive, with a 2-2-2 wheel arrangement for passenger classes and 2-4-0 for freight. During the 1850s and 1860s these designs were widely copied by other railways, both in the UK and overseas.〔Hamilton Ellis, Some Classic Locomotives, George Allen and Unwin, 1949, pp.19-32.〕 During the mid-1840s Sir John Hawkshaw developed a new style of 2-4-0 passenger locomotive with outside cylinders in front of the leading wheels and the rear driving axle behind the firebox. This layout provided steady running at high speeds, despite a long overhang at the front.〔Hamilton Ellis, ''Pictorial encyclopaedia of railways,'' Hamlyn, 1968, pp.53-4.〕 Joseph Beattie of the London and South Western Railway was one of the first British locomotive engineers to use this type on express locomotives.〔D.L. Bradley, Locomotives of the London and South Western Railway, Part 1. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society, 1965, p.58.〕 From 1858 he began experimenting with 2-4-0 designs for passenger work, culminating in his 'Seven-Foot' 2-4-0 express passenger locomotives built between 1859 and 1868.〔Bradley (1965), pp.52-76.〕 Beattie was also responsible for the long-lived 0298 Class of 2-4-0 well tanks designed for suburban passenger work in 1874, some examples of which were still working in 1961. A locomotive of this type hauled the first Orient Express from Paris to Munich, a notable achievement for such a small locomotive. After 1854, the 'Hawkshaw type' of 2-4-0 was adopted by Beyer, Peacock and Company who built many examples of the type for export, including to the Swedish State Railways (Statens Järnvägar) in 1856 and the Zealand Railway in Denmark in 1870.〔Hamilton Ellis, ''Pictorial enclyclopaedia of railways,'' p.54.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2-4-0」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|