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|Section2= |Section3= }} 2-Furonitrile is a colorless to light yellow liquid furan derivative having a boiling point of 147 °C at atmospheric pressure and with a density somewhat higher than that of water (1.0650 g/ml at 20 °C). == Synthesis == 2-Furonitrile was synthesized in 1913 by Emil Fischer from 2-furoyl chloride and hydrogen cyanide in pyridine-ether solution.2-Furonitrile has been prepared in high yield and conversion from the vapor phase reaction of furfural and ammonia over bismuth molybdate catalyst. The reactants are fed in separate streams, in the presence of air and steam over the catalyst bed at 440-480 °C〔Thomas J. Jennings, "Process for preparing furonitrile", US Patent 3,260,731 (1966)〕 Additionally, furfural has been converted to 2-furonitrile by a number of reagents, including hydrazoic acid-perchloric acid, hypervalent iodine (III) and n-bromosuccinimide. Thus, 2-furonitrile has been prepared in good yield by treating furfural with a mixture of hydrazoic acid (HN3) and perchloric acid in the presence of magnesium perchlorate in the benzene solution at 35 °C. Similarly, a hypervalent iodine (III) reagent was used, as oxidant, together with ammonium acetate, as the nitrogen source, to provide 2-furonitrile in aqueous acetonitrile at 80 °C in 90% yield. Selective conversion of furfural to 2-furonitrile was achieved under mild conditions in aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution employing n-bromosuccinimide (NBS) at ice bath temperatures. 2-Furonitrile has also been prepared from other furan derivatives, including furfural aldoxime and furoic acid amide. Thus, a laboratory-scale synthesis of 2-furonitrile has been described employing the dehydration of 2-furoic acid amide or oxime via flash vacuum pyrolysis over molecular sieves in the gas phase. Additionally, the dehydration of furfural aldoxime to 2-furonitrile has been accomplished in high yield employing thionyl chloride-benzotriazole or triphenylphosphine-iodine reagents. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2-Furonitrile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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