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3-Nitrochlorobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H4ClNO2.〔Gerald Booth, "Nitro Compounds, Aromatic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2005. 〕 It is a yellow crystalline solid that is important as a precursor to other compounds due to the two reactive sites present on the molecule. ==Synthesis== Nitrochlorobenzene is typically synthesized by nitration of chlorobenzene in the presence of sulfuric acid: :C6H5Cl + HNO3 → O2NC6H4Cl + H2O This reaction affords a mixture of isomers. Using an acid ratio of 30/56/14, the product mix is typically 34-36% 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 63-65% 4-nitrochlorobenzene, with only about 1% 3-nitrochlorobenzene. Since the above synthetic route does not efficiently produce the 3-isomer, the route most commonly used by chemists is the chlorination of nitrobenzene. This reaction must be carried out with a sublimed iron(III) catalyst at 33-45 °C.〔 Purification of 3-nitrochlorobenzene is somewhat difficult since other isomers are formed even via chlorination of nitrobenzene, and all of these isomers have similar physical properties. Hydrolysis at the activated chlorine site of the 2- and 4-isomers (but not at the resistant 3-chlorine center) makes separation by physical means much less tedious. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「3-Nitrochlorobenzene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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