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The Intel 80386 ("''eight-oh-three-eighty-six''"), also known as i386 or just 386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985.〔More precise: The 80386 architecture was presented in detail in 1984. Samples were produced in 1985 (possibly late 1984) with mass production and delivery of a final version starting in June 1986.〕 The first versions had 275,000 transistors〔(mit.edu - The Future of FPGAs ) (Cornell) 2012-10-11〕 and were the CPU of many workstations and high-end personal computers of the time. As the original implementation of the 32-bit extension of the 80286 architecture,〔Which itself was an extension of the 8086-architecture with advanced memory management functions and significantly better performance.〕 the 80386 instruction set, programming model, and binary encodings are still the common denominator for all 32-bit x86 processors, which is termed the ''i386-architecture'', ''x86'', or ''IA-32'', depending on context. The 32-bit 80386 can correctly execute most code intended for the earlier 16-bit processors such as 8088 and 80286 that were ubiquitous in early PCs. (Following the same tradition, modern 64-bit x86 processors are able to run most programs written for older x86 CPUs, all the way back to the original 16-bit 8086 of 1978.) Over the years, successively newer implementations of the same architecture have become several hundreds of times faster than the original 80386 (and thousands of times faster than the 8086).〔''Not counting the advances in the performance of corresponding x87 implementations. These are measured in tens of thousands of times, compared to the original 8087, or hundreds of thousands of times compared to software implementations of floating point on the 8086.''〕 A 33 MHz 80386 was reportedly measured to operate at about 11.4 MIPS.〔(Intel 80386 )〕 The 80386 was introduced in October 1985, while manufacturing of the chips in significant quantities commenced in June 1986.〔Introduced October 1985, production chip in June 1986〕〔First 80386 computers released around October 1986〕 Mainboards for 80386-based computer systems were cumbersome and expensive at first, but manufacturing was rationalized upon the 80386's mainstream adoption. The first personal computer to make use of the 80386 was designed and manufactured by Compaq〔http://web.archive.org/web/20090627055110/http://www.crn.com/crn/special/supplement/816/816p65_hof.jhtml〕 and marked the first time a fundamental component in the IBM PC compatible ''de facto''-standard was updated by a company other than IBM. In May 2006, Intel announced that 80386 production would stop at the end of September 2007. Although it had long been obsolete as a personal computer CPU, Intel and others had continued making the chip for embedded systems. Such systems using an 80386 or one of many derivatives are common in aerospace technology and electronic musical instruments, among others. Some mobile phones also used (later fully static CMOS variants of) the 80386 processor, such as BlackBerry 950〔http://the-gadgeteer.com/2001/02/26/rim_blackberry_950_review/〕 and Nokia 9000 Communicator. ==Architecture== |} The processor was a significant evolution in the x86 architecture, and extended a long line of processors that stretched back to the Intel 8008. The predecessor of the 80386 was the Intel 80286, a 16-bit processor with a segment-based memory management and protection system. The 80386 added a 32-bit architecture and a paging translation unit, which made it much easier to implement operating systems that used virtual memory. It also offered support for register debugging. The 80386 featured three operating modes: real mode, protected mode and virtual mode. The protected mode which debuted in the 286 was extended to allow the 386 to address up to 4 GB of memory. The all new virtual 8086 mode (or ''VM86'') made it possible to run one or more real mode programs in a protected environment, although some programs were not compatible. The ability for a 386 to be set up to act like it had a flat memory model in protected mode despite the fact that it uses a segmented memory model in all modes would arguably be the most important feature change for the x86 processor family until AMD released x86-64 in 2003. Chief architect in the development of the 80386 was John H. Crawford. He was responsible for extending the 80286 architecture and instruction set to 32-bit, and then led the microprogram development for the 80386 chip. The 80486 and P5 Pentium line of processors were descendants of the 80386 design. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intel 80386」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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