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4′33″
''4′33″'' (pronounced "Four minutes, thirty-three seconds" or just "Four thirty-three"〔Solomon 1998/2002.〕) is a three-movement composition〔Pritchett, Kuhn, Grove.〕〔Kostelanetz 2003, 69–71, 86, 105, 198, 218, 231.〕 by American experimental composer John Cage (1912–1992). It was composed in 1952, for any instrument or combination of instruments, and the score instructs the performer(s) not to play their instrument(s) during the entire duration of the piece throughout the three movements. The piece purports to consist of the sounds of the environment that the listeners hear while it is performed,〔Kostelanetz 2003, 69–70.〕 although it is commonly perceived as "four minutes thirty-three seconds of silence".〔Fetterman 1996, 69.〕〔Lienhard 2003, 254.〕 The title of the piece refers to the total length in minutes and seconds of a given performance, ''4′33″'' being the total length of the first public performance.〔Published score, Edition Peters 6777.〕
Conceived around 1947–1948, while the composer was working on ''Sonatas and Interludes'',〔 ''4′33″'' became for Cage the epitome of his idea that any sounds may constitute music. It was also a reflection of the influence of Zen Buddhism, which Cage studied since the late 1940s. In a 1982 interview, and on numerous other occasions, Cage stated that ''4′33″'' was, in his opinion, his most important work.〔Kostelanetz 2003, 70.〕 The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians describes ''4′33″'' as Cage's "most famous and controversial creation".〔
==History of composition==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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