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6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine (6-MDDM) is an opiate analogue structurally related to desomorphine that is a derivative of hydromorphone, where the 6-ketone group has been replaced by a methylene group. It has sedative and analgesic effects. 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine is a potent μ-opioid agonist, 80x stronger than morphine.〔(''Chemistry of Opioid Analgesics'' PHA 4220 - Neurology Pharmacotherapeutics. )〕 Compared to morphine it has a faster onset of action and similar duration of effects.〔Abdel-Rahman MA, Elliott HW, Binks R, Küng W, Rapoport H. Synthesis and Pharmacology of 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine. ''Journal of Medicinal Chemistry''. 1966; 9(1):1-6.〕 It produces around the same degree of respiratory depression as morphine, but less inhibition of gastrointestinal motility. Animal studies show it to be a potent analgesic which produces significant analgesic effects even at low doses while inducing comparatively few side effects,〔Okun R, Elliott HW. Acute Pharmacological Studies of Some New Morphine Derivatives. ''Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics''. 1958; 124(3): 255-259.〕 however it has never been developed for medical use in humans. 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine is synthesised in two steps; first a Wittig reaction is used, reacting hydrocodone with methylenetriphenylphosphorane and an alkyl lithium reagent in diethyl ether to form 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxycodeine. The 3-methoxy group is then cleaved to hydroxy, by reaction with pyridine. The second step tends to be incomplete and often gives fairly low yields, but these can be improved by changing the reaction conditions.〔Chadha MS, Rapoport H. The Preparation of Some 6-Methylated Dihydrodesoxymorphines. ''Journal of the American Chemical Society''. 1957; 79(21):5730-5734.〕〔Wiegert PE, De La Mater G, McElheny GC, Patterson LA. Physical Constants of 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine. ''Journal of Organic Chemistry''. 1961; 26(12):5249-5250.〕 ==See also== * Desomorphine * Methyldesorphine * Nalmefene * Xorphanol 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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