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9×39mm
The 9×39mm is a Soviet / Russian rifle cartridge.
==History and design==
It is based on the Russian 7.62×39 mm round, but with an expanded neck to accommodate a 9 mm (.356 caliber) bullet. The cartridge was designed by N. Zabelin, L. Dvoryaninova and Y. Frolov of the TsNIITochMash in the 1980s. The intent was to create a subsonic cartridge for suppressed firearms for special forces units that had more power, range and penetration than handgun cartridges. The 5.45×39 mm cartridge introduced in 1974 for the AK-74 lacks sufficient bullet weight (at 53 gr to 80 gr) for acceptable energy at subsonic velocities. The bullet of the 9×39 mm is approximately , double that of the normal 123 gr 7.62×39 mm round, and is subsonic. This slow velocity does not produce a sonic boom, but does limit the muzzle energy and effective range of a weapon when compared to non-suppressed assault rifles. The round has an effective lethal range of 300 to 400 meters and a maximum penetration of up to 8 mm of steel. Like the 5.45×39mm cartridge, 9×39mm SP-5 features an airpocket in the tip, which improves its capability to yaw after impact, and thus its effect in soft tissue.
Since the bullet weighs about twice as much as that of the 9×19mm Parabellum, its muzzle energy is about twice as high as that of a subsonic 9×19mm Parabellum bullet, e.g. when fired from a HK MP5SD.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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