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The A12 is a major road in England. It runs north-east /south-west between London and the coastal town of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk. A significant part of the road from Brentwood to Ipswich, and from Lowestoft to Great Yarmouth is a trunk road, and the forms part of the unsigned Euroroute E30 (prior to 1985 it was the E8). Unlike most A roads, a significant portion of the A12 (together with the A14 and the A55) has junction numbers as if it were a motorway. The 84 km section of the A12 through Essex has sections of dual two lanes and dual three lanes with eight changes in width between the M25 to Ipswich.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A12 report FINAL )〕 It was named as Britain's worst road because of "potholes and regular closures due to roadworks" in a 2007 survey by Cornhill Insurance. The A12 is covered by the Highways Agency A12 and A120 Route Management Strategy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A12 and A120 Route Management Strategy )〕 Starting just north of the Blackwall Tunnel where it connects end on to the A102, it heads north through Bow and Hackney Wick, then northeast through Leyton and Romford, then into Essex, passing Brentwood and Colchester. In Suffolk, it passes Ipswich and Saxmundham, then follows the coast through Lowestoft before entering Norfolk, passing through Gorleston and ending at Great Yarmouth. == History == The A12 was formed in 1922 as part of the Great Britain road numbering scheme, and initially the route went from Stratford to Gallows Corner along the present A118 road, before continuing to Great Yarmouth. This section in London was rerouted to run on the Eastern Avenue around 1954, and extended to follow the current route from Blackwall Tunnel along the East Cross Route, (previously the A102(M) & A106), the M11 link road in 1999. The route from London to Essex has long been important, with Old Ford being the location of an ancient Celtic crossing of the River Lea.〔 The route was altered slightly by the Romans who created a paved road from London to Colchester, which was part of ''Inter V'' on the Antonine Itinerary, and parts of this were used by a turnpike road, the Great Essex Road. The crossing of the Lea moved to its current location at Bow around 1110 when Matilda, wife of Henry I, ordered a distinctively bow-shaped, three-arched bridge to be built over the river. A map from 1766 shows a route from London to Great Yarmouth which follows much of the current A12. The "Ipswich to South Town and Bungay Turnpike Trust" was established in 1785, operating between Ipswich and Great Yarmouth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ipswich to Southtown and Bungay Turnpike Trust )〕 The trust was wound up in 1872 following the arrival of the East Suffolk Line which was fully operational between the two towns in 1859. Following the demise of the Turnpike trust, responsibility reverted to parish responsibility until the new county councils took over in 1889.〔 A new section of the A12, known as the "M11 link road" or "A12 Hackney-M11 Link Road", was built in the early 1990s in the face of the major M11 link road protest and finally opened in October 1999.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A12 – M11 Link Road Official Opening 6 October )〕 The section of road had originally been proposed in 1903 in a Royal Commission on London Traffic. A public inquiry had been held in September 1961 and a further three public inquiries, a Parliamentary Bill and a High Court challenge had been required before the work started. Initiated in 2000, the London to Ipswich Multi-modal study reported its conclusions late in 2002.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=LONDON TO IPSWICH MULTI-MODAL STUDY – (LOIS) ) 〕 In 2008 improvements were made to the junction between the A12 and the M25 to increase slip-road capacity, in particular for clockwise M25 traffic turning north onto the A12, and to ease congestion on the Brook Street Roundabout (serving the M25, A12 and local Brentwood traffic as the A1023). The bascule bridge in Lowestoft, built in 1972,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A12 Bascule Bridge Refurbishment – Project Background )〕 was refurbished in spring 2008. Essex County Council carried out its own inquiry into the road in 2008 (see below for details). Work on a £12.4m scheme for the a new junction on the A12 at Cuckoo Farm, Colchester adjacent to the Colchester Community Stadium started in December 2009. It was promoted by Essex County Council who prepared plans in 2001.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title= Case File O/COL/01/1622 )〕 and received funding from the Community Infrastructure Fund.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Work to begin on new junction for the A12 near Colchester )〕 It opened on 16 December 2010.〔(Colchester: New A12 junction opens three months early – News – Ipswich Star )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「A12 road (England)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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