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Actinin, alpha 2
Alpha-actinin 2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''ACTN2'' gene.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=88 )〕 This gene encodes an alpha-actinin isoform that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles and functions to anchor myofibrillar actin thin filaments and titin to Z-discs.
==Structure==
Alpha-actinin 2 is a 103.8 kDa protein composed of 894 amino acids.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase )〕 Each molecule is rod-shaped (35 nm in length) and it homodimerizes in an anti-parallel fashion. Each monomer has an N-terminal actin-binding region composed of two calponin homology domains, two C-terminal EF hand domains, and four tandem spectrin-like repeats form the rod domain in the central region of the molecule. The high-resolution crystal structure of human alpha-actinin 2 at 3.5 Å was recently resolved. Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of actin-binding cytoskeletal proteins, including spectrin, dystrophin, utrophin and fimbrin.〔 Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. Alpha-actinin 2 has been shown to interact with KCNA5, DLG1,〔 DISC1, MYOZ1, GRIN2B, ADAM12, ACTN3, MYPN, PDLIM3, PKN, MYOT, TTN, NMDAR, SYNPO2, LDB3, and FATZ.
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