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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ' }} | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_event1 = Cuba–Venezuela Agreement | established_date1 = 14 December 2004 | established_event2 = People's Trade Agreement | established_date2 = 29 April 2006 | area_magnitude = | area_km2 = 2,513,337 | area_sq_mi = 970,405 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 69,513,221 | population_estimate_year = 2008 | population_density_km2 = 27.65 | population_density_sq_mi = 71.63 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = $636.481 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2008 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,156.25 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = | Gini = | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = | HDI = | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = | currency = | time_zone = | utc_offset = -4 to -6 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = | cctld = | official_website = }} ALBA, formally the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America ((スペイン語:Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América)), is an intergovernmental organization based on the idea of the social, political and economic integration of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The name "Bolivarian" refers to the ideology of Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century South American independence leader born in Caracas who wanted Hispanic America to unite as a single "Great Nation." Founded initially by Cuba and Venezuela in 2004, it is associated with socialist and social democratic governments wishing to consolidate regional economic integration based on a vision of social welfare, bartering and mutual economic aid. The eleven member countries are Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Venezuela.〔http://alba-tcp.org/en/contenido/declaration-alba-tcp-xiii-summit-and-commemoration-its-tenth-anniversary-december-14-2014〕 Suriname was admitted to ALBA as a guest country at a February 2012 summit. ALBA nations may conduct trade using a virtual regional currency known as the SUCRE. Venezuela and Ecuador made the first bilateral trade deal using the Sucre, instead of the US dollar, on July 6, 2010.〔''venezuelanalysis'', 7 July 2010, (Venezuela Pays for First ALBA Trade with Ecuador in New Regional Currency )〕 The name initially contained "Alternative" instead of "Alliance", but was changed on June 24, 2009. == History == The agreement was proposed by the government of Venezuela, led by President Hugo Chávez, as an alternative to the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA or ALCA in Spanish, an agreement proposed by the United States) that had been opposed by several countries in the region and inspired massive popular protests. This Cuba-Venezuela Agreement,〔http://www.mltoday.com/Pages/NLiberation/Cuba-VenezPact.html/ initial Cuba-Venezuela TCP〕 signed on December 14, 2004, by Presidents Hugo Chávez and Fidel Castro, was aimed at the exchange of medical and educational resources and petroleum between the both nations. Venezuela began to deliver about 96,000 barrels of oil per day from its state-owned oil company, PDVSA, to Cuba at very favorable prices. In exchange, Cuba sent 20,000 state-employed medical staff and thousands of teachers to Venezuela's poorest states. The agreement also made it possible for Venezuelans to travel to Cuba for specialized medical care, free of charge. When it was launched in 2004, ALBA had only two member states, Venezuela and Cuba.〔''Monthly Review'', 2 July 2008, (ALBA: Creating a Regional Alternative to Neo-liberalism? )〕 Subsequently, a number of other Latin American and Caribbean nations entered into this 'Peoples' Trade Agreement' (Spanish: ''Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos'', or TCP), which aims to implement the principles of ALBA. Bolivia under Evo Morales joined in 2006, Nicaragua under Daniel Ortega in 2007, and Ecuador under Rafael Correa in 2009. Honduras, under Manuel Zelaya, joined in 2008, but withdrew in 2009 after the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The Caribbean nations Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Saint Lucia also joined. Jamaica, at the invitation of Hugo Chávez, the President of Venezuela 〔(Chávez invita a Jamaica a sumarse al ALBA )〕 and Mexico, at the invitation of Daniel Ortega, the President of Nicaragua,〔(Ortega promueve el ALBA en México )〕 were invited to join the ALBA countries. Hugo Chávez also invited the countries of Central America to join ALBA,〔(Chávez invitó a toda Centroamérica a unirse al ALBA )〕 and Argentina, to use SUCRE, the currency of this organization.〔(Chávez invita a Argentina a sumarse a la moneda virtual sucre )〕 Vietnam has been invited to join as an observer.〔(Venezuela invita a Vietnam a sumarse al ALBA como observador )〕 In the eleventh Summit of ALBA in February 2012, Suriname, St. Lucia and Haiti requested admission to the organization. Haiti was granted the special status of permanent member; while the other two countries were named special members, while awaiting their full incorporation. President Chávez was honored posthumously by the nine member countries of the group and special guests Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana and Haiti at the group's 12th Presidential Summit in Guayaquil, Ecuador.〔Americas Quarterly, "Twelfth ALBA Presidential Summit Takes Place in Ecuador," July 30, 2013. http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/twelfth-alba-presidential-summit-takes-place-ecuador〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ALBA」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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