|
ALROSA ((ロシア語:АЛРОСА))– is the Russian group of diamond mining companies, which has the leading role in the world diamond mining by volume. ALROSA is engaged in the exploration, mining, manufacture and sale of diamonds. Mining takes place in Western Yakutia, Russia, the Arkhangelsk region, Russia and Africa. The Russian Federation is the largest diamond-producing nation in the world. ALROSA is the leading company accounting for 95% of country's production and 28% of the global diamond extraction.〔("Diamond worth $430,000 found in Russia" ), ''RT'', May 6, 2015.〕 〔("How diamonds are mined in Russia" ), 'Russia Beyond The Headlines'', June 27, 2014.〕 ALROSA has the world’s largest rough diamond reserves, sufficient for at least another 18–20 years of production. Full title – Public joint stock company ALROSA, short – PJSC ALROSA. The company's headquarters are in Mirny (Sakha Republic) and Moscow. ==History== The history of ALROSA dates back to 1954, when the first primary deposit of diamonds in the Soviet Union - the kimberlite pipe Zarnitsa, - was found. In 1955 the Mir kiberlite pipe and the Udachnaya pipe were discovered. A total of 15 primary diamond sources were found in 1955. In 1957, a decision was made to begin mining and production operations on alluvial and ore deposits in Yakutia. To manage the facilities construction and subsequent operations, the Yakutalmaz group of companies was established with headquarters in Mirny. The first commercial-grade diamonds were recovered the same year, two years later, the Soviet Union sold the first shipment of diamonds on the world market. For the most part during the Soviet period diamond mining industry developed on the basis of the Mir open-pit mine and adjacent alluvial deposits. In those years its main open-pit mines, processing plants and related energy generating facilities were placed into operation. In 1960 the Aikhal pipe was discovered, and in 1969 – the International kimberlite pipe. In 1963, the first sales contracts between the USSR and De Beers group were signed. In 2009 this cooperation was brought to an end as contrary to European Union competition laws in compliance with a decision of the European Commission. Now ALROSA independently distributes its rough diamond production on the world market. Through 80th rapid development of primary deposits continued in Aikhal township on the basis of the Jubilee pipe and in Udachny town. Today the Udachny open-pit mine is one of the largest open-pit mines in the world. ALROSA closed jointstock company was set up according to Presidential Decree №158C of the President of Russia "''On the Establishment of the Almazy Rossii-Sakha Joint Stock Company''" signed on 19 February 1992, based on NPO Yakutalmaz, a former USSR state-owned diamond mining company. In 2011, ALROSA was reorganized as an open joint-stock company and free float of ALROSA’s shares on financial markets. On July 2007 Verkhne-Munskoye diamond field in Yakutia was discovered with estimated value of about $3.5 billion. In August 2009 during the recent financial crisis, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin announced the Russian government, via Gokhran, would buy $1 billion in uncut diamonds from Alrosa. This was to support the Russian diamond mining industry while avoiding saturation in the global diamond market and thus further depression of diamond prices.〔 The diamond mining industry is critical to the Yakutia economy.〔 28 October 2013 the Company carried out the IPO. The Russian government and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) sold a combined 14% stake (in equal shares), while ALROSA offered about 2% in treasury stock.〔("Alrosa IPO Nets $1.3Bln" ), ''The Moscow Times'', October 29, 2013.〕 U.S. investors were the biggest buyers of the shares, purchasing up to 60% of the stake, 24% got European investors, Russian investors accounted for about 14%.〔("Russian firms raise billions" ), ''Russian Business Insight'', November 23, 2013.〕〔("Russia fetches $1.3bn in Alrosa’s shares sale" ), ''Mining.com'', November 23, 2013.〕 Investment funds Oppenheimer Funds Inc. and Lazard Ltd. took part in the IPO and bought over 2% of the stake.〔("Alrosa Share Offering Attracts Oppenheimer, Lazard Funds" ), ''Bloomberg'', October 28, 2013.〕 ALROSA raised $1.3 billion in share sales.〔("Russian diamond miner Alrosa raises $1.3 billion in share sale" ), ''Bloomberg'', October 28, 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ALROSA」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|