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AMOLF
AMOLF, also known by its full name as FOM Institute AMOLF is one of the three research institutes operated by the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter, also known as FOM. The institute is one of the leading research institutes in Europe in the field of physics and biological physics. It focuses on two main research themes: nanophotonics and physics of biomolecular systems.
==History==
In 1946 the Dutch government established the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) "to initiate fundamental scientific research in the Netherlands on matter in the general sense, and to support higher education". Accordingly the FOM Laboratory for Mass Spectrography was founded. The institute's name was changed to Laboratory for Mass Separation in 1960, and then to FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF) in 1966.
The original research goal was to demonstrate the separation of uranium isotopes by electromagnetic separation methods, a topic of great strategic importance after world war II. To reach this goal, a number of novelanalytical instrumentation were developed, starting with the development of mass-spectrometric tools. In 1953 AMOLF was the first European institute to successfully enrich Uranium. Soon after, research on thermal diffusion in gases followed, as did ultracentrifuge concepts, cathode dispersion, excitation of gases by using energetic ions and research on molecular beams. The gas-ultracentrifuge developed at AMOLF (under Jacob Kistemaker) provided a base for the commercial enrichment of Uranium at the today well-known company of URENCO in Almelo.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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