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Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (officially abbreviated AVPR2) is a protein that acts as receptor for arginine vasopressin. AVPR2 belongs to the subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by the Gs type of G proteins, which stimulate adenylate cyclase. AVPR2 is expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the membrane of cells of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer, the last two being associated with alternative splicing. AVPR2 is also expressed outside the kidney, and, when stimulated, a variety of clotting factors are released into the bloodstream. In the kidney, AVPR2's primary property is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results. ==Antagonists== Vasopressin receptor antagonists that are selective for the V2 receptor include: * Tolvaptan (FDA-approved) * Lixivaptan * Mozavaptan * Satavaptan Their main uses are in hyponatremia, such as that caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and heart failure, however these agents should be avoided in patients with cirrhosis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 SAMSCA (tolvaptan) prescribing information )〕 Demeclocycline and lithium carbonate act as indirect antagonists of renal vasopressin V2 receptors by inhibiting activation of the second messenger cascade of the receptors. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arginine vasopressin receptor 2」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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