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The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is a central government agency of India. It is attached to the erstwhile Planning Commission of India, now NITI Aayog. Its objective is to collect the biometric and demographic data of residents, store them in a centralised database, and issue a 12-digit unique identity number called Aadhaar to each resident.〔 It is considered the world's largest national identification number project.〔 , the legislation to back UIDAI is still pending in the Parliament of India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-identification-authority-of-india-bill-2010-1196/ )〕 Some civil liberty groups, like Citizens Forum for Civil Liberties and Indian Social Action Forum (INSAF), have opposed the project on privacy concerns. On 23 September 2013, the Supreme Court of India issued an interim order saying that "no person should suffer for not getting Aadhaar" as the government cannot deny a service to a resident if s/he does not possess Aadhaar, as it is voluntary and not mandatory.〔 In another interim order on 11 August 2015, the Supreme Court of India ruled that "UIDAI/Aadhaar will not be used for any other purposes except PDS, kerosene and LPG distribution system" and made it clear that even for availing these facilities Aadhaar card will not be mandatory. ==Overview== The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) was set up by the Government of India on 28 January 2009 as an attached office of the erstwhile Planning Commission of India vide its a gazette notification. The UIDAI is mandated to assign a 12-digit unique identification (UID) number (termed as Aadhaar) to all the residents of India. As per the notification, the UIDAI has been given the responsibility to lay down plan and policies to implement UID scheme, to own and operate the UID database and be responsible for its updation and maintenance on an ongoing basis. The implementation of UID scheme entails generation and assignment of UID to residents; defining mechanisms and processes for interlinking UID with partner databases; operation and management of all stages of UID life cycle; framing policies and procedures for updation mechanism and defining usage and applicability of UID for delivery of various services among others.〔 The number is linked to the resident's basic demographic and biometric information such as photograph, ten fingerprints and two iris scans, which are stored in a centralised database. Starting with issuing of first UID in September 2010, the UIDAI has been targeting to issue UID - a unique 12 digit Aadhaar number to all the residents that (a) is robust enough to eliminate duplicate and fake identities, and (b) can be verified and authenticated in an easy and cost-effective way online anywhere, anytime. The Government of India in a notification dated 16 December 2010 recognizes the letter issued by Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) containing details of name, address and Aadhaar number, as an officially valid document. It neither aims to replace any existing identity cards nor it is a cognizance of citizenship. Aadhaar neither confers citizenship nor it guarantees rights, benefits or entitlements. Aadhaar is a random number which never starts with a 0 or 1, and is not loaded with profiling or intelligence into identity numbers that makes it insusceptible to fraud and theft. The unique ID would also qualify for as a valid ID while availing various government services, like a LPG connection or subsidised ration or kerosene from PDS or benefits under NSAP or pension schemes, e-sign, digital locker, Universal Account Number (UAN) under EPFO;〔 and for some other services, like a SIM card or opening a bank account.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.npci.org.in/documents/FAQs_on_APBS_for_Customers1.pdf )〕 According to the UIDAI website, any Aadhaar holder or service provider can verify an Aadhaar number for its genuineness through a user-friendly service of UIDAI called Aadhaar Verification Service (AVS) available on its website.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://resident.uidai.net.in/aadhaarverification )〕 Also, a resident already enrolled under National Population Register is not required to enrol again for Aadhaar.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://uidai.gov.in/where-to-enroll.html )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unique Identification Authority of India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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