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Abhiyaza ((ビルマ語:အဘိရာဇာ) (:ʔəbi̯jəzà); d. 825 BCE) was the legendary founder of the Kingdom of Tagaung, and that of Burmese monarchy, according to the 19th century chronicle ''Hmannan Yazawin''. He reportedly belonged to the same Sakya clan of the Buddha. However, prior Burmese chronicles down to the 18th century trace the origin of the monarchy to another legendary figure Pyusawhti, a descendant of a solar spirit and a dragon princess.〔 Scholars view the Abhiyaza story as an attempt by the chroniclers of ''Hmannan'' to move away from then prevailing pre-Buddhist origin narrative of the monarchy.〔 ==Legend== According to ''Hmannan'', the origins of the Burmese monarchy trace back to the 9th century BCE India, more than three centuries before the Buddha was born. Abhiyaza (Abhiraja) was a prince of an ancient kingdom of Kosala () in present-day northern India. He belonged to the Sakya clan ()—the clan of the Buddha—and descended from the first Buddhist king Maha Sammata () who reigned ages ago.〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 153–155〕 (In Buddhist tradition, Gautama Buddha was only the latest in a line of 28 Buddhas.) Indeed, Prince Abhiyaza was lord of the Kapilavastu () region of Kosala—the very birthplace of the historical Buddha three centuries later.〔Harvey 1925: 307–309〕 Around the mid-9th century BCE, Kosala went to war with the neighboring kingdom of Panchala (). The cause of war was that the king of Panchala had asked the king of Kosala for his daughter's hand in marriage, and was rudely refused. The Panchala king conquered the Kosala kingdom, and the ruling clan of Kosala dispersed in three directions. One of them was Abhiyaza who with a group of his loyal followers trekked a long mountainous route all the way to present-day northern Burma, and founded a kingdom at Tagaung in 850 BCE.〔〔Myint-U 2005: 44–45〕 ''Hmannan'' does not claim that he had arrived in an empty land, only that he was the first king. Abhiyaza had two sons. When he died, the elder son Kanyaza Gyi () ventured south, and founded his own kingdom at Arakan in 825 BCE. The younger son Kanyaza Nge () succeeded his father, and was followed by a dynasty of 31 kings. Some three and a half centuries later, in 483 BCE, scions of Tagaung founded yet another kingdom much farther down the Irrawaddy at Sri Ksetra, near modern Pyay (Prome). Sri Ksetra lasted nearly six centuries, and was succeeded in turn by the kingdom of Pagan.〔〔Htin Aung 1967: 6–7〕 ''Hmannan'' continues that around 107 CE, Thamudarit (), nephew of the last king of Sri Ksetra, founded the city of Pagan (Bagan) (formally, Arimaddana-pura (), lit. "the City that Tramples on Enemies").〔Lieberman 2003: 91〕 The site reportedly was visited by the Buddha himself during his lifetime, and it was where he allegedly pronounced that a great kingdom would arise at this very location 651 years after his death.〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 188〕 Thamudarit was followed by a caretaker, and then Pyusawhti in 167 CE. ''Hmannan's'' narrative then merge with those of prior chronicles, and continues that a dynasty of kings followed Pyusawhti until the historical king Anawrahta ascended the throne in 1017 CE (). (Anawrahta's inscriptionally verified date of accession is 1044 CE.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abhiyaza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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