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Abi-Eshuh
Abī-Ešuḫ (variants: m''a-bi-ši'',〔''Chronicle of Early Kings'', (ABC 20), Tablet B, reverse, lines 8 to 10.〕 “Abiši”, m''E-bi-šum'',〔''Babylonian King List B'', obverse line 8.〕 “Ebišum”) was the 8th king of the 1st Dynasty of Babylon and reigned for 28 years from ca. 1648–1620 BC (short chronology) or 1711–1684 BC (middle chronology). He was preceded by Samsu-iluna, who was his father.
==Biography==
His exuberant titles included, “descendant of Sumu-la-El, princely heir of Samsu-iluna, eternal seed of kingship, mighty king, king of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, king who makes the four quarters be at peace.” This was presumably achieved by his two aggressive military campaigns. His fourth year-name records that he subdued the army of the Kassites.〔Tablet BM 16998.〕 The Chronicle of Early Kings〔 recalls his damming of the Tigris in a vain attempt to capture Ilum-ma-ilī, the founder of the Sealand Dynasty. A clay cylinder fragment〔Ash. 1924.616.〕 from Kiš is tentatively assigned to this king because the events it commemorates coincide with three of his year-names. It mentions the Tigris river (year “o” the damming of the Tigris), the Tigris gate (year “m” the ''ká-gal-i''7''idigna''), the fashioning of a mace for Marduk (year “g”) and digging of the Zubi cannal (year “I”). He is described as “the great champion” in his son, Ammi-Ditana's inscription,〔Late Babylon copy on a tablet, BM 38308.〕 and in the genealogy of his descendant Ammī-ṣaduqa.〔JJ Finkelstein, JCS 20, 1966, p96, 27.〕 The Elamites under their king Kutir-nahhunte I raided into Babylonia early in his reign and sacked 30 cities.
Two copies of a building inscription〔Tablets BM 38446 and BM 55472 + 40125.〕 commemorate his construction activities at Luḫaia, a town founded by Ḫammu-rāpi on the Araḫtum canal to the north of Babylon. A single inscription exists found on an onyx eye stone dedicated to the goddess Ningal.〔Eyestone, Ash. 1922.293.〕
He is richly attested in the cylinder seal impressions of his minions with one〔On tablet MLC 2239 dated to year 20 of Ammī-ditāna, at Yale.〕 of his servant, Lamānum, son of Bēl-kulla, another〔On tablets YBC 8385 and YBC 5885 dated to Abī-Ešuḫ’s years “m” and “y,” at Yale.〕 of Luštāmar-Adad, son of Mār-Sipparim, another〔On tablet MLC 1539, at Yale.〕 of Nabi’um-an(), son of Ilšu-ib(), another〔On tablet UMM 36, in the University Museum of Manchester.〕 … son of Awīl-…, another〔Cylinder seal VA 3242, in Berlin.〕 Ilšu-nāṣir, diviner, son of Marduk-nāṣir, another a copy〔Cylinder seal BM 89101, in the British Museum.〕 Iddin-Šamaš, sanga priest of the goddess Ninisina, son of Ku-Ninisina, and another〔Cylinder seal in the Lands of the Bible Archaeology Foundation.〕 overseer of the merchants, Sīn-iddina() son of Šērum-bān().〔 The ''Uruk List of Kings and Sages''〔W 20030,7 the Seleucid ''List of Sages and Scholars,'' recovered from Anu’s Bīt Rēš temple during the 1959/60 excavation.〕 records that “during the reign of Abī-ešuḫ, the king, Gimil-Gula and Taqis-Gula were the scholars.”.
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