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Abraxas
Abraxas (Gk. ΑΒΡΑΞΑΣ, variant form Abrasax, ΑΒΡΑΣΑΞ) was a word of mystic meaning in the system of the Gnostic Basilides, being there applied to the "Great Archon" (Gk., ''megas archōn''), the princeps of the 365 spheres (Gk., ''ouranoi'').〔''Cf''. Hippolytus, ''Refutatio'', vii. 14; Irenaeus, ''Adversus hæreses'', I. xxiv. 7〕 The word is found in Gnostic texts such as the ''Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit'', and also appears in the Greek Magical Papyri. It was engraved on certain antique gemstones, called on that account Abraxas stones, which were used as amulets or charms. As the initial spelling on stones was 'Abrasax' (Αβρασαξ), the spelling of 'Abraxas' seen today probably originates in the confusion made between the Greek letters Sigma and Xi in the Latin transliteration.
The seven letters spelling its name may represent each of the seven classic planets.〔“He who has His seat within the Seven Poles—ΑΕΗΙΟΥΩ,” in the Magical Papyri. 〕 The word may be related to ''Abracadabra'', although other explanations exist.
There are similarities and differences between such figures in reports about Basilides's teaching, ancient Gnostic texts, the larger Greco-Roman magical traditions, and modern magical and esoteric writings. Opinions abound on Abraxas, who in recent centuries has been claimed to be both an Egyptian god and a demon.〔"Demonographers have made him a demon, who has the head of a king and serpents for feet." 〕 The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung wrote a short Gnostic treatise in 1916 called ''The Seven Sermons to the Dead'', which called Abraxas a god higher than the Christian God and devil that combines all opposites into one being.
== Sources ==
It is uncertain what the actual role and function of Abraxas was in the Basilidian system, as our authorities (see below) often show no direct acquaintance with the doctrines of Basilides himself.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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