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Ibn Tufail
Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 – 1185) (full Arabic name: ''Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi''; Latinized form: ''Abubacer Aben Tofail''; Anglicized form: ''Abubekar'' or ''Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail'') was an Andalusian Muslim polymath:〔(Avempace ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007.〕 a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official.
As a philosopher and novelist, he is most famous for writing the first philosophical novel, ''Hayy ibn Yaqdhan'', also known as ''Philosophus Autodidactus'' in the Western world. As a physician, he was an early supporter of dissection and autopsy, which was expressed in his novel.〔Jon Mcginnis, ''Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources'', p. 284, Hackett Publishing Company, ISBN 0-87220-871-0.〕
==Life==
Born in Guadix, near Granada, and belonging to the Qays Arab tribe,〔Syed Ameer Ali, ''The Spirit of Islam: A History of the Evolution and Ideals of Islam'', Cosimo, Inc (2010), p. 495〕〔Lawrence Conrad, ''The World of Ibn Ṭufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān'', BRILL (1996), p. 20〕 he was educated by Ibn Bajjah (Avempace). He served as a secretary for the ruler of Granada, and later as vizier and physician for Abu Yaqub Yusuf, the Almohad king, to whom he recommended Ibn Rushd (Averroës) as his own future successor in 1169.〔Avner Ben-Zaken, "Taming the Mystic", in Reading Hayy Ibn-Yaqzan: A Cross-Cultural History of Autodidacticism (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011). ISBN 978-0801897399.〕 Ibn Rushd later reports this event and describes how Ibn Tufayl then inspired him to write his famous Aristotelian commentaries:
Ibn Rushd became Ibn Tufayl's successor after he retired in 1182; Ibn Tufayl died several years later in Morocco in 1185. The astronomer Nur Ed-Din Al-Bitruji was also a disciple of Ibn Tufayl.
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