|
Abuja () is the capital city of Nigeria. It is located in the centre of Nigeria, within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Abuja is a planned city, and was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, though the latter remains the country's most populous city. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400-metre monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792-metre monolith, lies just north of the city on the road to Kaduna State. At the 2006 census, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Legal Notice on Publication of 2006 Census Final Results )〕 making it one of the ten most populous cities in Nigeria. According to the United Nations, Abuja grew at the rate of 139.7% between 2000 and 2010, making it the fastest growing city in the world. As of 2015, the city is still experiencing an annual growth of at least 35%. Abuja has witnessed a huge influx of people into the city; the growth has led to the emergence of satellite towns such as Karu Urban Area, Suleja, Gwagwalada, Lugbe, Kuje and smaller settlements to which the planned city is sprawling. The unofficial metropolitan area of Abuja has a population of well over three million and comprises the fourth largest metropolitan area in Nigeria, surpassed only by Lagos, Kano and Ibadan. Significant sights include the Nigerian National Mosque and the Nigerian National Christian Centre. The city is served by the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport. Abuja is known for being one of the few purpose-built capital cities in Africa as well as being one of the wealthiest.〔Murray, Senan. "(Life of poverty in Abuja's wealth )." ''BBC''. Tuesday 13 February 2007. Retrieved on 12 September 2011.〕 == History == In light of the ethnic and religious divisions of Nigeria, plans had been devised since Nigeria's independence to have its capital in a place deemed neutral to all parties. The location was eventually designated in the centre of the country in the early 1970s as it signified neutrality and national unity. Another impetus for Abuja came because of Lagos' population boom that made that city overcrowded and conditions squalid. The logic used was similar to the way Brazil planned its capital, Brasília. Construction broke ground and was dedicated in the late 1970s but, due to economic and political instability, the initial stages of the city were not complete until the late 1980s. The master plan for Abuja and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was developed by International Planning Associates (IPA), a consortium of three American firms: Planning Research Corporation; Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and Todd;〔Elleh, Nnamdi, ''Abuja, the single most ambitious urban design project of the 20th century'' ()〕 and Archisystems, a division of the Hughes Organization. The master plan for Abuja defined the general structure and major design elements of the city that are visible in its current form. More detailed design of the central areas of the capital, particularly its monumental core, was accomplished by Kenzo Tange, a renowned Japanese architect, with his team of city planners at Kenzo Tange and Urtec company. Most countries relocated their embassies to Abuja, and many maintain their former embassies as consulates in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria. Abuja is the headquarters of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the regional headquarters of OPEC. Abuja and the FCT have experienced huge population growth; it has been reported that some areas around Abuja have been growing at 20% to 30% per year. Squatter settlements and towns have spread rapidly in and outside the city limits.〔 Tens of thousands of people have been evicted since former FCT minister Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai started a demolition campaign in 2003. The FCT's ministers have been as follows: *Mobolaji Ajose-Adeogun 1976–1979〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How Nigeria is shared under Jonathan )〕 *John Jatau Kadiya, 1979–1982 *Iro Abubakar Dan Musa, 1982–1983 *Haliru Dantoro, 1983–1984 *Mamman Jiya Vatsa, 1984 – December 1985 *Hamza Abdullahi, 1986–1989 *Gado Nasko, 1989–1993 *Jeremiah Timbut Useni, 1993–1998 *Mamman Kontagora, 1998–1999 *Ibrahim Bunu, 1999–2001 *Mohammed Abba Gana, 2001–2003 *Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai, 2003 – May 2007 *Aliyu Modibo, 2007–2008 *Adamu Aliero, 2008–2010 *Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed, 2010–2015 *Mohammed Bello, 2015 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abuja」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|