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Acantha
Acantha (Greek: Ἀκάνθα, English translation: "thorny") is often claimed to be a minor character in Greek mythology whose metamorphosis was the origin of the ''Acanthus'' plant.〔Coulter, Charles Russell and Turner, Patricia (2000). ''Encyclopedia Of Ancient Deities''. Routledge. pg.62. ISBN 1579582702.〕 The tale goes that Acantha was a nymph loved by the god Apollo. Acantha however rebuffed Apollo's advances and scratched his face when he tried to rape her. As a result Apollo transformed her into the Acanthus, a plant with spiny leaves.〔Beeton, Samuel Orchart (1871). ''Beeton’s Classical dictionary''. Warwick. pg.2. Available at (books.google.co.uk )〕
==Origin of the myth==
The story has, over the years, been retold in books,〔Parley, Peter (1839). ''Tales about the mythology of Greece and Rome''. Oxford University Press. pg.347〕〔Gledhill, David (2008). ''The Names of Plants''. Cambridge University Press. pg.33. ISBN 0521685532.〕 encyclopedias,〔〔Evslin, Bernard (2012). ''Gods, Demigods and Demons: An Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology''. Open Road Media. Acantha. ISBN 1453272968〕 and journals.〔Mackay, Charles (1861), ''A Weekly Journal of Fact and Fiction'', Volumes 1-13, pg.353〕 Compilers have, however, often omitted reference to classical sources. For instance the first edition of John Lemprière's ''Bibliotheca Classica'', an early encyclopaedia of mythological figures, provides no reference for the story.〔Lemprière, John (1788). ''Bibliotheca Classica''. T. Cadell. Acantha〕 In the updated 1839 edition three references are given. These are to Pliny the Elder’s ''Natural History'', Pedanius Dioscorides’ ''De Materia Medica'' and Hesychius of Alexandria’s ''Lexicon''.〔Lemprière, John (1839). ''A Classical Dictionary, Containing a Copious Account of All the Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors''. Available at (books.google.co.uk )〕 On inspection, however, Pliny makes absolutely no reference to Acantha, Dioscorides refers only to the plant and Hesychius simply explains what the word means.〔Pliny the Elder, translation by Bostock, John and Riley, H.T (2009). ''Natural History''. BiblioLife. Book XXIV, Chapter 12. ISBN 1117234630. Available at (perseus.tufts.edu )〕〔Dioscorides, Pedanius (2000). ''De Materia Medica''. Ibidis Press. Book Three, 3.14 & 3.15. ISBN 0-620-23435-0.〕〔Hesychius of Alexandria (1520). ''Alphabetical Collection of All Words''. Available at (wikisource.org )〕 A number of latter compilers have similarly not cited classical references when retelling the myth.〔〔〔〔
The myth does not appear in the ''Thesaurus Linguae Latinae'',〔''Thesaurus Linguae Latinae''. Available at (degruyter.com )〕 a volume which includes every Latin word, including proper names.〔''Encyclopaedia Britanica Online''. Available at (britannica.com )〕 The ''Thesaurus Linguae Graecae'', a similarly comprehensive source containing a complete repository of Ancient Greek texts from Homer through to A.D. 200,〔Bowen, Alan C. (1988). ''Ancient Philosophy''. Volume 8, Issue 1, page 136.〕 is also absent the myth.〔''Thesaurus Linguae Graecae''. Available at (stephanus.tlg.uci.edu )〕 The story is not present in either the ''Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae'',〔''Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae''. Available a (limc-france.fr )〕 a work praised for its breadth and quality,〔Hansen, William (2005). ''Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans''. pg.14. ISBN 0195300351〕〔Hard, Robin (2008). ''The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology''. pg.691. ISBN 0415478901〕 or ''Der Neue Pauly'',〔''Der Neue Pauly''. Available at (referenceworks.brillonline.com )〕 an encyclopaedia considered an unparalleled masterpiece of classical German scholarship.〔Bernhard Kytzler: ''(Kathedrale der Gelehrsamkeit. )'' In: ''Die Zeit.'' Hamburg 1979,6 (2. Febr.), S. 39. (German)〕〔Wolfgang Schuller: ''Einführung in die Geschichte des Altertums.'' Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, S. 140. (German)〕
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