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Acanthamoeba
Acanthamoeba is a genus of amoebae, one of the most common protozoa in soil, and frequently found in fresh water and other habitats. The cells are small, usually 15 to 35 μm in length and oval to triangular in shape when moving. ''Acanthamoeba ''is able to form metabolically inactive cysts which are resistant to fluctuations in temperature and pH levels. Cysts are also resistant to attack by the host immune system and facilitate the recurrence of infection. Most species are free-living bacterivores, but some are opportunists that can cause infections in humans and other animals.
==Human pathogen==
Diseases caused by ''Acanthamoeba'' include keratitis and Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
(GAE). The latter is often but not always seen in immunosuppressed patients.〔Baig AM. Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis: ghost response of an immunocompromised host? J Med Microbiol. 2014 Dec;63(Pt 12):1763-6.〕 GAE is caused by the amoeba entering the body through an open wound then spreading to the brain.〔Baig AM, Iqbal J, Khan NA. In vitro efficacies of clinically available drugs against the growth and viability of an Acanthamoeba castellanii keratitis isolate〕 The combination of host immune response and amoebal proteases causes massive brain swelling
〔Baig AM. Pathogenesis of Amoebic Encephalitis: Are the Amoebas being credited to an 'Inside job' done by the Host Immune response? Acta Trop. 2015 Apr 27. pii:〕 resulting in death in ~95% of those infected.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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