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Acarospora
''Acarospora'' is a genus of lichens in the family Acarosporaceae. Most species in the genus are crustose lichens that grow on rocks in open and arid places all over the world.〔 They may look like a cobblestone road or cracked up old paint, and are commonly called cobblestone lichens or cracked lichens,.〔Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2〕〔(Name Search Results for Scientific Name Acarospora, USDA )〕 They usually grow on rock (are "saxicolous"), but some grow on soil (terricolous) or on other lichens.〔〔 Some species in the genus are fungi that live as parasites on other lichens (lichenicolous fungi).〔 ''Acarospora'' is a widely distributed genus, with about 128 species according to a 2008 estimate.〔
Species in ''Acarospora'' may be shiny as if covered with a glossy varnish, or dull and powdery looking. They have a diverse range of colors, from the brilliant yellow bright cobblestone lichen, to the dark reddish-brown mountain cobblestone lichen, or they can appear tan, gray, or white, from a dusty-looking coating (pruina).〔 They may grow in crustose forms like a warty surface (verrucose), like cracking-up old crust of paint (rimose), like a bunch of "islands" in a dry lake bed (areolate), like the flakes of cracking up paint are peeling up at the edges (sub-squamulous), or like the flakes are growing over others like scales (squamulous).
==Growth form and appearance==
The may grow as a warty crust (verrucose, a cracked crust rimose, or with the cracks separating island-like sections like in a dried lake (areolate – with the “islands” being called “areoles”).〔Acarospora, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3, Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001, ()〕 The areolas may lift up at the edges (sub-squamulose), and these edges may overlap other areolas like scales (squamulose, with the areoles being called “squamules”).〔 The areoles may grow in lobes radiating from a center (placodioid. They may grow in irregular or indeterminate forms, sometimes with the areoles disconnected from each other and dispersed among other lichens.〔 Sometimes the squamules may be elevated with expansion of the mycelial base above the substrate ("gomphate"), or aside on “stems” called stipes, which are usually about usually half the diameter of areole.〔 The outer rim of the areola is usually down-turned.〔
They may be shiny or dull, and in many shades from pale to blackish brown.〔 They may be smooth or rough (rugulose).〔 They may be different colors from brilliant yellow (from rhizocarpic acid) to brown to white.〔 They may or may not be covered with a powdery-looking surface (pruinose), which when present, may make them appear lighter in color, to almost white.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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