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Acetabularia
''Acetabularia'' is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Polyphysaceae family, Typically found in subtropical waters, ''Acetabularia'' is a single-celled organism, but gigantic in size and complex in form, making it an excellent model organism for studying cell biology. In form, the mature ''Acetabularia'' resembles the round leaves of a nasturtium, is 0.5 to 10 cm tall and has three anatomical parts: a bottom rhizoid that resembles a set of short roots; a long stalk in the middle; and a top umbrella of branches that may fuse into a cap. The single nucleus of ''Acetabularia'' is located in the rhizoid, and allows the cell to regenerate completely if its cap is removed. The caps of two ''Acetabularia'' may also be exchanged, even from two different species. In addition, if a piece of the stem is removed, with no access to the nucleus in the rhizoid, this isolated stem piece will also grow a new cap.〔B. Goodwin (1994) "How the Leopard Changed its Spots" Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London〕
In the 1930s–1950s Joachim Hämmerling conducted experiments in which he demonstrated ''Acetabularias genetic information is contained in the nucleus. This was the first demonstration that genes are encoded by DNA in eukaryotes; earlier studies by Oswald Avery and others had shown that this was true for prokaryotes.
==Etymology==
The name, ''Acetabularia'', derives from the Latin word ''acetabulum'', a broad, shallow cup used for dipping bread; the upturned cap of ''Acetabularia'' resembles such a cup. For this reason, it is also sometimes called mermaid's wineglass.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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