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The Acholeplasmatales are an order in the class Mollicutes, containing only one family, Acholeplasmataceae, comprising the genera ''Acholeplasma'' and ''Phytoplasma''. Yet, ''Phytoplasma'' has the Candidatus state, because members still could not be cultured. Etymology: The name Acholeplasmatales is derived from the Greek ''a'' = not, ''cholè'' = bile and ''plasma'' = anything moulded or formed. 〔D.G. Edward, E.A. Freundt (''Amended nomenclature for strains related to Mycoplasma laidlawii.'' ); J Gen Microbiol. 1970 Jul; 62; (PDF )〕 Species in the order Acholeplasmatales can grow in a medium without cholesterol, unlike species in the order Mycoplasmatales. Cholesterol, a sterol, is an important component of the cell membrane of mycoplasmas, whereas in acholeplasmas and in bacteria in general it is absent. == Characteristics == Members of Acholeplasmatales are facultative anaerobic. They are parasites or commensals of vertebrates, insects, or plants; some are saprophytes. 〔Stephens et al. (Intraspecies Genetic Relatedness among Strains of Acholeplasma laidlawii and of Acholeplasma axanthum by Nucleic Acid Hybridization ) J. of General Microbiology (1983), 129, p 1929-1934.〕 Phytoplasmas colonize the phloem sieve elements of vascular plants, causing diseases. They are transmitted by sap-sucking insects (primarily leafhoppers, planthoppers, and psyllids 〔Phyllis G. Weintraub and LeAnn Beanland (Insect vectors of phytoplasmas ) Annual Review of Entomology; Vol. 51: 91-111 (2006); 〕 ), living in the gut, haemolymph, salivary gland and other organs. Like other mollicutes, they show a high host specificity. 〔IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team (''‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects'' ); Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 1243–1255 (2004).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Acholeplasmataceae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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