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Acinetobacter
''Acinetobacter'' (''a-sin-EE-toe-bak-ter'') is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the wider class of Gammaproteobacteria. ''Acinetobacter'' species are oxidase-negative and not motile, and occur in pairs under magnification.
They are important soil organisms, where they contribute to the mineralization of, for example, aromatic compounds. ''Acinetobacter'' species are a key source of infection in debilitated patients in the hospital, in particular the species ''Acinetobacter baumannii''.
== Etymology ==
''Acinetobacter'' is a compound word from scientific Greek (+ κίνητο + βακτηρ(ία) ), meaning 'nonmotile rod'. The first element ''acineto-'' appears as a somewhat baroque rendering of the Greek morpheme ακίνητο-, commonly transliterated in English is ''akineto-'', but actually stems from the French ''cinetique'' and was adopted directly into English. Identification of ''Acinetobacter'' species is complicated by lack of standard identification techniques. Initially, identification was based on phenotypic characteristics such as growth temperature, colony morphology, growth medium, carbon sources, gelatin hydrolysis, glucose fermentation, among others. This method allowed identification of A. calcoaceticus–A. baumannii complex
by the formation of smooth, rounded, mucoid colonies at 37°C. But closely related species could not be differentiated and individual species like ''A. baumannii'' and ''Acinetobacter'' genomic species 3 could not be positively identified phenotypically.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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