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''Additionality'' is the property of an activity being additional. It is a determination of whether an intervention has an effect, when the intervention is compared to a baseline. 'Interventions' can take a variety of forms, but often include economic incentives.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is Additionality? Part 1: A long standing problem )〕 For an example of the application of additionality in environmental crediting markets refer to carbon credits. Additionality may be evaluated ex post, as is often done in the practice of program evaluation. Or it can be done ex ante, as an initial eligibility screen for issuing credits as part of an environmental or other public goods market. For ex ante applications, additionality is evaluated for proposed activities. A proposed activity is additional if the recognized interventions are deemed to be causing the activity to take place. The occurrence of additionality is determined by assessing whether a proposed activity is distinct from its baseline. A baseline is a prediction of the quantified amount of an input to or output from an activity resulting from the expected future behavior of the actors proposing, and affected by, the proposed activity in the absence of one or more policy interventions, holding all other factors constant (ceteris paribus).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What Is Additionality? Part 2: A framework for a more precise definitions and standardized approaches )〕 Other working definitions of the term are available (here ). ==Economic definition== Net positive difference that results from economic development intervention. The extent to which an activity (and associated outputs, outcomes and impacts) is larger in scale, at a higher quality, takes place quicker, takes place at a different location, or takes place at all as a result of intervention. Additionality measures the net result, taking account of deadweight, leakage, displacement, substitution and economic multipliers. Additionality is calculated by the following formula:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.proveandimprove.org/documents/AdditionalityGuide.pdf )〕 where ''A'' is the additionality, ''I''in is the impact of the intervention, and ''I''rc is the impact of a reference case. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Additionality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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