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Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the joints. Anatomists use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing the uniqueness of the movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes. In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs in. ''Flexion'' and ''extension'' are examples of ''angular'' motions, in which two axes of a joint are brought closer together or moved further apart. ''Rotational'' motion may occur at other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as ''internal'' or ''external''. Other terms, such as ''elevation'' and ''depression'', refer to movement above or below the horizontal plane. Many anatomical terms derive from Latin terms with the same meaning. ==Classification== Motions are classified after the anatomical planes they occur in, although movement is more often than not a combination of different motions occurring simultaneously in several planes. Motions can be split into categories relating to the nature of the joints involved: * ''Gliding'' motions occur between flat surfaces, such as in the intervertebral discs or between the carpal and metacarpal bones of the hand. * ''Angular'' motions occur over synovial joints and causes them to either increase or decrease angles between bones. * ''Rotational'' motions move a structure in a rotational motion along a longitudinal axis, such as turning the head to look to either side. Apart from this motions can also be divided into: * ''Linear'' motions (or ''translatory'' motions), which move in a line between two points. A ''rectilinear'' motion refers to a motion in a straight line between two points, whereas a ''curvilinear'' motion refers to a motion following a curved path. * ''Angular'' motions (or ''rotary'' motions) occur when an object is around another object increasing or decreasing the angle. The different parts of the object do not move the same distance. Examples include a movement of the knee, where the lower leg changes angle compared to the femur, or movements of the ankle. The study of movement is known as kinesiology. A categoric list of movements of the human body and the muscles involved can be found at list of movements of the human body. ===Abnormal motion=== The prefix ''hyper-'' is sometimes added to describe movement beyond the normal limits, such as in ''hypermobility'', ''hyperflexion'' or ''hyperextension''. The range of motion describes the total range of motion that a joint is able to do. For example, if a part of the body such as a joint is overstretched or "bent backwards" because of exaggerated extension motion, then it can be described as ''hyperextended''. Hyperextension increases the stress on the ligaments of a joint, and is not always because of a voluntary movement. It may be a result of accidents, falls, or other causes of trauma. It may also be used in surgery, such as in temporarily dislocating joints for surgical procedures. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anatomical terms of motion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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