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Adelphopoiesis, or adelphopoiia from the Greek , derived from (adelphos) "brother" and (poieō) "I make", literally "brother-making" is a ceremony practiced historically in some Christian traditions to unite together two people of the same sex (normally men) in church-recognized friendship. Similar blood brotherhood rituals were practiced by other cultures, including American Indians, ancient Chinese as well as Germanic and Scandinavian peoples. Such ceremonies can be found in the history of the Catholic Church up until the 14th century and in the Eastern Orthodox Church up until the 18th century. Documented in Byzantine manuscripts from the ninth to the fifteenth centuries, prayers established participants as "'spiritual brothers' (''pneumatikous adelphous'') and contained references to sainted pairs, including most notably SS Sergius and Bacchus, who were famous for their friendship." 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.newoxfordreview.org/reviews.jsp?did=1294-viscuso )〕 In the late twentieth century, the defunct Christian tradition gained notoriety as the focus of controversy involving advocates and opponents of secular and religious legalization of homosexual relationships in the West. ==Adelphopoiesis in Christian tradition== The Russian polymath scholar, priest, and martyr Pavel Florensky offered a famous description of adelphopoiesis in his monumental 1914 book ''The Pillar and the Ground of The Truth: An Essay in Orthodox Theodicy in Twelve Letters'', which included an early bibliography on the topic.〔Florensky, ''The Pillar and Ground of the Truth', translated by Boris Jakim, Princeton 1997, p. 571-72.〕 Florensky described traditional Christian friendship, expressed in adelphopoiesis, as "a community molecule (than an atomistic individualism ), a pair of friends, which is the principle of actions here, just as the family was this kind of molecule for the pagan community," reflecting Christ's words that "wherever two or more of you are gathered in my name, there am I in the midst of thee."〔Florensky, ''The Pillar and the Ground of the Truth'', p. 301.〕 Florensky in his theological exegesis of the rite described an overlap of Christian agapic and philic love in adelphopoiesis, but not eros, noting that its ceremonies consisted of prayer, scriptural reading, and ritual that involved partaking in presanctified eucharistic gifts 〔Florensky, ''The Pillar and Ground of the Truth', p. 327.〕 Alternative views〔http://www.eskimo.com/~nickz/qrd-eastern_orthodox/adelphopoiia.some-responses and http://www.melkite.org/Questions/M-4.htm〕 are that this rite was used in many ways, such as the formation of permanent pacts between leaders of nations or between religious brothers. This was a replacement for "blood-brotherhood" which was forbidden by the church at the time. Others such as Brent Shaw have maintained also that these unions were more akin to "blood-brotherhood" and had no sexual connotation.〔 Rites for "adelphopoiesis" are contained in Byzantine manuscripts dating from the ninth to the 15th century.〔(Viscuso, Patrick. "Failed Attempt to Rewrite History", ''New Oxford Review'', December, 1994 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adelphopoiesis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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