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Adhiṣṭhāna ((サンスクリット:अधिष्ठान); ; ; Thai: อธิษฐาน) are initiations or blessings in Vajrayana schools such as Tibetan Buddhism and Shingon Buddhism. ==Nomenclature, orthography and etymology== adhiṣṭhāna(m) is a term with multiple meanings: seat; basis; substratum; ground; support; and abode.〔http://www.atmajyoti.org/sw_glossary.asp〕 Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary Online holds the following semantic field for 'adhiṣṭhāna': # () standing by, being at hand, approach # standing or resting upon # a basis, base # the standing-place of the warrior upon the car # a position, site, residence, abode, seat # a settlement, town, standing over # government, authority, power # a precedent, rule # a benediction (Buddhism)〔Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary Online (April, 2009). 'adhiShThAna'. Source: () (accessed: Sunday January 3, 2009) NB: change input to Itrans and place "adhiShThAna" (अधिष्ठान) as cited.〕 Fremantle (2001: p. 48) gives an etymology of the Sanskrit "adhiṣṭhāna" and Tibetan "jinlab" thus: The Sanskrit word literally means "standing over" and conveys ideas of taking possession, dwelling within, presence, protection, and sovereignty. The Tibetan literally means "an engulfing wave or flood of splendor and power." 〔Fremantle, Francesca (2001). ''Luminous Emptiness: Understanding the Tibetan Book of the Dead.'' Boston: Shambala Publications. ISBN 1-57062-450-X, p. 48〕 Martin (1994: p. 274) opines that the Chinese term for adhiṣṭhāna influenced the Tibetan: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adhiṣṭhāna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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