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Adhiṭṭhāna
''Adhihāna'' (Pali; from ''adhi'' meaning "foundational" or "beginning" plus ''sthā'' meaning "standing"; Sanskrit, अधिष्ठान) has been translated as "decision," "resolution," "self-determination," "will"〔Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 28, (entry for "" ) (retrieved 2007-06-28). As further noted in Rhys Davids & Stede, in the Pali Canon, ''adhihāna'' can at times be wrongly motivated, connoting "obstinancy," as indicated by the Pali phrase ''adhihāna-abhinivesa-anusayā'', "obstinacy, prejudice and bias" (p. 44, definition for ''anusaya'').〕 and "resolute determination."〔Horner (2000), ''passim''.〕 In the late canonical literature of Theravada Buddhism, ''adhihāna'' is one of the ten "perfections" (''dasa pāramiyo''), exemplified by the bodhisatta's resolve to become fully awakened. ==Pali Canon texts== While ''adhihāna'' appears sporadically in the early Pali Canon, various late-canonical and post-canonical accounts of the Buddha's past lives clearly contextualize ''adhihāna'' within the Theravadin tenfold perfections.
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