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Adonia
Adonia (Greek: ) or Feast of Adonis was an ancient festival mourning the death of Adonis. The date is uncertain, but may have been early Spring, or summer.〔Matthew Dillon, ''Girls and women in classical Greek religion'', 2003. (p.167 ): "The date of the Adonia at Athens continues to be a matter of some dispute."〕 It was a private, rather than a state festival, and was celebrated by women exclusively.〔Matthew Dillon, ''Girls and women in classical Greek religion'', 2003. (p.165 ): "Menander makes it apparent that this was an all-women celebration...".〕
==The festival==
According to one 1875 source, the festival lasted two days. On the first day, they brought into the streets statues of Adonis, which were laid out as corpses; and they observed all the rites customary at funerals, beating themselves and uttering lamentations, in imitation of the cries of Venus for the death of her paramour. The second day was spent in merriment and feasting; because Adonis was allowed to return to life, and spend eight months of the year with Aphrodite (the other four with Persephone Queen of the Underworld).〔(William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Article on p.14. ) The sources quoted do not say this, however, unless perhaps the Scholion on Aristophanes contains this information.〕 But Dillon states that the resurrection of Adonis was not celebrated, and that the only sources that mention this are all late.〔(p.164 ): "But Adonis was in no sense an eastern dying and reborn vegetation god. The Adonis images laid out as in death, and the seed garden that never bear fruit, honour him once each year. After the Adonia, he will not make an appearance until the next celebration of the festival (i.e. his death is commemorated each year; only late sources mention a resurrection)."〕
According to Johannes Meursius, these two rituals made two distinct feasts, which were held at different times of the year, the one six months after the other; Adonis being supposed to pass half the year with Proserpine, and half with Venus.
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