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Affricate consonant
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair.〔Peter Roach, (Engelish Phonetics and Phonology Glassary ), 2009〕 English has two affricate phonemes, and , often spelled ''ch'' and ''j''.
==Examples==
The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" (transcribed and in the IPA), German and Italian ''z'' and Italian ''z'' are typical affricates. These sounds are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese. However, other than , voiced affricates are relatively uncommon. For several places of articulation they are not attested at all.
Much less common are labiodental affricates, such as in German and Izi, or velar affricates, such as in Tswana (written ''kg'') or High Alemannic Swiss German dialects. Worldwide, relatively few languages have affricates in these positions, even though the corresponding stop consonants, and , are common or virtually universal. Also less common are alveolar affricates where the fricative release is lateral, such as the sound found in Nahuatl and Navajo. Some other Athabaskan languages, such as Dene Suline, have unaspirated, aspirated, and ejective series of affricates where the release may be dental, alveolar, postalveolar, or lateral, that is , , , , , , , , , , , and .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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