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In United States education, Africana studies, Black studies, or Africology,〔"(Africology and You )", University of Milwaukee〕 is the study of the histories, politics and cultures of peoples of African origin both in Africa and in the African diaspora. It is to be distinguished from African studies, as its focus combines Africa and the African diaspora (Afro-Latin American, African American studies, Black studies) into a concept of an "African experience" with a Pan-African perspective. "Africana studies" departments at many major universities grew out of the "Black studies" programs and departments formed in the late 1960s in the context of the US civil rights movement, as black studies programs were reformed and renamed "Africana studies" with an aim to encompass the continent of Africa and all of the African diaspora in a more abstract and traditionally academic way. The first "Africana" studies department was formed after the Willard Straight Hall takeover at Cornell University, an Ivy League School located in Ithaca, New York. The African American historian and emeritus professor from this department, Robert L. Harris, offers a useful definition of the field in Jacqueline Bobo, Cynthia Hudley and Claudine Michel's anthology The Black Studies Reader: "Africana Studies is the multidisciplinary analysis of the lives and thought of people of African ancestry on the African continent and throughout the world. It embraces Africa, Afro-America, and the Caribbean, but does not confine itself to those three geographical areas. Africana Studies examines people of African ancestry wherever they may be found—for example, in Central and South America, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Its primary means of organization are racial and cultural. Many of the themes of Africana Studies are derived from the historical position of African peoples in relation to Western societies and in the dynamics of slavery, oppression, colonization, imperialism, emancipation, self-determination, liberation, and socioeconomic and political development." Thus, it can be described as a "scholarship of compromise and acquiescence", contrasting with the historical Black studies which were motivated by the struggle for civil rights.〔Delores P. Aldridge, Carlene Young, ''Out of the Revolution: The Development of Africana Studies'', Lexington Books, 2000. ISBN 0-7391-0547-7〕〔Robert l. Harris Jr, "The Intellectual and Institutional Development of Africana Studies", in Jacqueline Bobo, Cynthia Hudley, Claudine Michel, ''The Black Studies Reader'', p. 15. ISBN 0-415-94554-2〕 ==History== According to Robert Harris Jr, a emeritus professor of history at the Africana Studies Research Center at Cornell, there have been four stages in the development of Africana studies: from the 1890s until the Second World War numerous organizations developed to analyze the culture and history of African peoples (African studies). In the second stage the focus turned to black Americans (Afro-American studies). In the third stage a bevy of newly conceived academic programs were established as Black studies.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Africana studies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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