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Afro-Nicaraguans are Nicaraguans of African descent in Nicaragua. They make up 9% of the population and they're the largestin Central America. Almost 600,000 blacks people, according to the CIA factbook (2011) and can be found in the southeastern coast, the Mosquito Coast, in Bluefields. The 1990 Nicaraguan national census recorded 25,000 or 1% of the population. They can also be found in Managua. Creoles are from the Anglo-Caribbean and speak a tongue similar to Jamaican patois. Nicaragua also has a Garifuna population.〔(CIA, Factbook, Nicaragua )〕〔(everyculture.com. Creoles of Nicaragua-Orientation )〕 == History == The first slaves brought to Nicaragua came as servants of the conquerors and of civil and religious officials in the early 16th century. The first African slaves transported to Nicaragua were taken by Gil González Dávila, who purchased them for 300 pesos in Panama from Pedrarias Dávila´s colonial administrator. From there they took eleven slaves to the newly founded Nicaragua. They were already baptized before being taken to Nicaragua. In 1531, the council of Leon, asked the King of Spain for authorization to extract thousand slaves, tax free, to give to the neighbors. The council of Granada, Spain - in November 24, 1544 - asked the same authorization to import 50 slaves in the opening of the "rapids of the drain". Also, Spanish colonists, who could no longer enslave the Indians following the New Laws of 1542, required workers in their newly formed haciendas. So, from 1558, Bishop Lazaro Carrasco, meeting with the Amerindians "almost all consumed" and less than a hundred Spanish neighbors without enough real entries, asked the King license to import 600 slaves, they would remedy the situation, i.e., could produced the earth. The number of the first black slaves imported must have been considerable, perhaps thousands. Because most Spanish who emigrated to America were men, soldiers and colonists took indigenous and African women as partners and concubines. As early as the 18th century, most slaves born in the territory were mulattoes. According to colonial documents, slaves came from such ethnic groups such as Arara (African language group mainly of the Ewe and Fon ethnic groups from Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria),〔(El nuevo diario. com ) (in Spanish: New Diary.com). Posted by Jorge Eduardo Arellano, May 29, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2013, to 19:20 pm.〕 Ashanti (of Ghana), Yoruba (originally from Nigeria),〔(''Raíces africanas de Centroamérica'' ) (in Spanish: The African roots of Central America)〕 "angola", conga, "mina" and "Mandinga". The proportion of men and women slaves were very similar. Miscegenation caused a large release of slaves. Thus emerged middle classes formed by Zambo, mulatto and quadroon (those with a quarter black blood) and other mixtures. By 1820, persons of some African descent made up 84 percent of the population. But many of them were kept as slaves, probably hundreds. Thus, during the first half of the 17th century, many slaves were used in the indigo mills. Since the 17th century, several groups of slaves rebelled against his owners and migrated to other places and settled in small clandestine colonies, free from Spanish rule. Therefore, these slaves, the "Cimarrons" were affected by several royal orders issued against them. One of them agreed to raise an army against those colonies and return slaves to their owners. This law was fulfilled in Nicaragua.〔 However, the Spanish were not the only people to import slaves to Nicaragua. The English, who were colonists on the coast of Nicaragua since 1633, also imported groups of slaves since the late 17th century. The English began cultivating sugar cane and indigo around Bluefields and on the banks of the Rio Coco, which were labor-intensive crops.〔(Costa Rica en el siglo XVIII ) (in Spanish: Costa Rica in the 18th century). Volumen 8. Google Books.〕 The slaves were also used for cotton plantations and especially for cutting mahogany.〔http://www.aiidca.org/es/pagina/Historia%20de%20la%20Costa Breve Reseña Histórica - Asociación Indígena para la Integración y Desarrollo de la Región Autónoma de la Costa Atlántica〕 As in the case of slaves imported by the Spanish, the African slaves of the English mixed with the Miskito, Sumu and Rama indigenous peoples of the area.〔 Most of “caseros” (derived of Spanish "Casa" -house- i.e., man assigned to domestic service in the homes of Creoles and Spaniards) black and mulatto slaves also performed agricultural and cattle, but were not the main operating system. Finally, following independence, slavery was abolished by the decree of the Constituent Assembly of April 17, 1824.〔 However, to early 19th century arrived slaves from Jamaica to the Nicaraguan Caribbean coasts, when the region was a British protectorate. They became "Black creoles". More late, in 1832, some groups of Garifuna people came to the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua from Honduras for fighting for his land, be recognized as ethnic and preserve their cultural identity. However, the Garifuna were met with fierce opposition from the Miskito people, as indigenous of this territories, and of the Black Creole, who forced to them to accept English as the language for business transactions and a half for insertion and recognition in society.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Afro-Nicaraguan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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