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Afro-Panamanian
Afro-Panamanian are Panamanians of African descent, Afro-Panamanians are 15% of the population. The Afro-Panamanian population can be broken into the "Afro-Colonial", Afro-Panamanians descended from slaves brought to Panama during the colonial period and the "Afro-Antillean", West Indian immigrants from Trinidad, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Barbados and Jamaica, brought in to build the Panama Canal. Afro-Panamanians can be found in towns and cities Colón, Cristóbal and Balboa, Río Abajo area of Panama City, the Canal Zone, and province of Bocas del Toro.
==Early Period==
Although the Spanish imported Africans to Panama who were enslaved from 1510 (the year in which they contributed to the foundation of the town of Nombre de Dios), there is an interesting perspective that indicates that black Africans were present in Panama since before the arrival of the Spanish . This is reflected in the version of Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, in his seminar "Early America Revisited" which said the historian Peter Martyr included in his writings that some Africans had been shipwrecked in the area near the coast of the Darien Province that they had taken refuge in the mountains. Martyr referred to men as "Ethiopian pirates" - in the past "Congo, Guinea, and Ethiopia" were synonymous with the African continent -. Lopez de Gomara also described blacks precolonial that Europeans were first seen in Panama: "These people were identical to blacks we've seen in Guinea." French historian and anthropologist Charles de Bour reported the existence of two tribes Indians of Panama, the Mandingo (black leather) and the Tule (red skin). This is consistent with some indigenous figures buried in the mountains of Chiriqui (near the border with Costa Rica) developed by culture "Barrels" (dated between 300 and 600 AD) where there are ceramic figurines are shaped black Africans with pronounced lips, broad nose, phenotypically different from the rest of the indigenous statuettes present at the site.
Officially, the first blacks to arrive in Panama came with Vasco Núñez de Balboa, in 1513. Panama was a very important territory because it had the shortest point from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Goods were taken from ports in Portobelo and Nombre de Dios, transported overland to ports in Panama City and reboarded on ships headed to South America. Initially, Indian labor was used. Due to maltreatment and disease, the Indian population was decimated. Bartolomé de Las Casas advocated getting slaves from Africa. By 1517, the trade in Africans were on the way. Initially slaves were used to work and maintain ships and port. It later turned to transporting goods across the isthmus. The transporting of goods was grueling not only the thousands of miles of terrain, but bad weather and attacks by Indians.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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