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Afro-Surinamese
Afro-Surinamese are the inhabitants of Suriname of Sub-Saharan African ancestry. They are usually divided into two groups, the Creole people and the Maroons. The Surinamese Creoles are the mixed-race descendants of African slaves and Europeans. The Maroons were runaway slaves who formed independent settlements together. They maintained vestiges of African culture and language. Afro-Surinamese scholar, Gloria Wekker, argues, for example, that working-class Afro-Surinamese women retained pre-colonial African cultural understandings of gender, sexuality, and spirituality. She, and other theorists, argue that African cultural retentions are found most often in Afro-diasporic communities that either had irregular contact with dominant groups of the host community or that shielded their cultural retentions from their colonizers. As Wekker observes, Surinamese slaves socialized, communicated, and communed with little white cultural, social, or linguistic interference.〔Wekker, Gloria. The Politics of Passion: Women’s Sexual Culture in the Afro-Surinamese Diaspora. Columbia University Press, 2006.〕
== Origins ==
Most of the slaves imported to Suriname came from Central Africa (more of 66,900 slaves, the 31,6% of the slaves of the place), Ghana (the 25% of the slaves, more of 53,000 people) and Bight of Benin (from there arrived the 16,4% of the slaves, more of 34,700 people). In Suriname also arrived thousands of slaves from Senegambia (since where were imported more of 1,300 slaves from there to archipelago, the 0,7% of the slaves) and the current Sierra Leone (0,7% of the slaves of the region, more of 1.400 people), Windward Coast (the 3,6% of the slaves of the island, more of 7,520 people) and Bight of Biafra (from there arrived the 2,1% of the slaves, more of 4,300 people).
The Akans of Fanti subgroup (a subgroup exported, at least, from Ivory Coast) and Ashanti (from the Ashanti Region, in central Ghana) were, legally, the predominant group among slaves in Suriname. However, in practice, slaves from Loango,〔(Identidades en juego, identidades en guerra ) (in Spanish: Identities at stake, identities at war) - Page 49〕 purchased in Cabinda, Angola,〔( Batey: una revista cubana de Antropología sociocultural (in Spanish: Cuban magazine of Culture Anthropology) Mami Wata, Diosa de la Migración Africana )〕 were the largest group of slaves in Suriname since 1670; they surpassed the number on the Gold Coast in almost all periods. Enslaved people including the Ewe (who live in southern Ghana, Togo and Benin), Yoruba (from Benin〔(Publico.es: Los genes narran la rebelión de los esclavos ) (in Spanish: Genes tell the Revolt of the slaves). Posted by Núñez Domínguez.〕) and Kongo, all left their cultural footprints in Suriname.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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