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In France, the ''agrégation'' ((:aɡʁeɡasjɔ̃)) is a civil service competitive examination for some positions in the public education system. The laureates are known as ''agrégés''. A similar system exists in other countries. There are actually two different ''agrégations'': an agrégation for secondary education, leading to the position of ''professeur agrégé'', and an agrégation for professorships in some disciplines of higher education. ==Secondary education== The main agrégation, and the better known, is for secondary education; it leads to the position of ''professeur agrégé''. Its difficulty and selectivity could vary between disciplines: there are about 300 such positions open each year in mathematics, but a few dozen in philosophy, and perhaps one in some rarely taught foreign languages such as Japanese. The ''professeurs agrégés'' are a higher category of teachers compared to the ''professeurs certifiés'', recruited through the CAPES. In theory, the ''agrégés'' should teach in high schools (''lycées'') and perhaps even in university-level classes, while the ''certifiés'' teach in junior high schools (''collèges''), though there is significant overlap. In addition to those teaching in normal sections of ''lycées'' (the vast majority), some ''agrégés'' teach in the preparatory classes to the ''grandes écoles''. Finally some ''agrégés'' teach in normal universities, but do not, nominally, do scientific research as normal university academics do; these positions are known as PRAG. Some similar but temporary positions (''agrégé préparateur'', AGPR), including research, exist in the écoles normales supérieures, though these are obviously very few and very hard to obtain. The ''agrégation'' is normally open only to holders of a 5-year university education (master) or above. Due to the difficulty of the competitive exam, its preparation often takes a full additional year at the university, for the so-called external ''agrégation''. There also exists an internal ''agrégation'' for ''professeurs certifiés'', though it lacks the prestige of the external one. The following discusses the external one. The competitive exam generally consists in a written part (admissibility) where most candidates are eliminated, followed by an oral part (admission) where the candidate must demonstrate his or her ability to prepare and give lessons on just about any topic within the scope of his discipline. The oral exams are the occasion to verify that the candidates are at ease in the main exercises of their discipline : for example, in the Agrégation of Classics (French, Greek, Latin), candidates have to translate and comment on classic texts and texts from French literature. This is a way to establish whether the candidates are able to fulfill requirements that they are going to need to satisfy if they pass. In most disciplines, the lessons expected extend well above the secondary education level; indeed, the candidate may even have to present a lesson appropriate for the 2nd, 3rd or even 4th years of specialized studies at a university. One reason for that is that the ''agrégés'' should be able to teach in special undergraduate sections of high schools known as preparatory classes to the ''grandes écoles'', where the level may be far above the normal level of first or second year college education – though the vast majority of ''agrégés'' teach in ordinary secondary education. The ''agrégation'' is also used as an unofficial national ranking system for students, giving a fair comparison between students of different universities. This is especially true in the humanities, where the ''agrégation'' is highly selective and supposedly demonstrates erudition of the candidate. The students of the écoles normales supérieures often give up an entire year of their student life to prepare for any potential question. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agrégation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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