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Ahura Mazda (;〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ahura%20mazda〕) (also known as Ohrmazd, Ahuramazda, Hourmazd, Hormazd, and Hurmuz, ''Lord'' or simply as ''spirit'') is the Avestan name for the creator and sole God of Zoroastrianism, the old Iranian religion predating Islam. Ahura Mazda is described as the highest spirit of worship in Zoroastrianism, along with being the first and most frequently invoked spirit in the ''Yasna''. The literal meaning of the word ''Ahura'' is ''light'' and ''Mazda'' is ''wisdom''. Zoroastrianism revolves around three basic tenets – Good Thoughts, Good Words and Good Deeds. Ahura Mazda first appeared in the Achaemenid period (c. 550 – 330 BCE) under Darius I's Behistun Inscription. Until Artaxerxes II (405–04 to 359–58 BCE), Ahura Mazda was worshiped and invoked alone. With Artaxerxes II, Ahura Mazda was invoked in a triad, with Mithra and Apam Napat. In the Achaemenid period, there are no representations of Ahura Mazda other than the custom for every emperor to have an empty chariot drawn by white horses, to invite Ahura Mazda to accompany the Persian army on battles. Images of Ahura Mazda began in the Parthian period, but were stopped and replaced with stone carved figures in the Sassanid period. ==Nomenclature== "Mazda", or rather the Avestan stem-form ''Mazdā-'', nominative ''Mazdå'', reflects Proto-Iranian '' *Mazdāh (female)''. It is generally taken to be the proper name of the spirit, and like its Sanskrit cognate ''medhā'', means "intelligence" or "wisdom". Both the Avestan and Sanskrit words reflect Proto-Indo-Iranian '' *mazdhā-'', from Proto-Indo-European ''(unicode: *mn̩sdʰeh1)'', literally meaning "placing (''(unicode: *dʰeh1)'') one's mind (''(unicode: *mn̩-s)'')", hence "wise". The name was rendered as ''Ahuramazda'' (Old Persian) during the Achaemenid era, ''Hormazd'' during the Parthian era, and ''Ohrmazd'' was used during the Sassanian era. The name may be attested on cuneiform tablets of Assyrian Assurbanipal, in the form ''Assara Mazaš'', though this interpretation is very controversial. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahura Mazda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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