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Aiphanes
''Aiphanes'' is a genus of spiny palms which is native to tropical regions of South and Central America and the Caribbean.〔Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families〕 There are about 26 species in the genus (see below), ranging in size from understorey shrubs with subterranean stems to subcanopy trees as tall as . Most have pinnately compound leaves (leaves which are divided into leaflets arranged feather-like, in pairs along a central axis); one species has entire leaves. Stems, leaves and sometimes even the fruit are covered with spines. Plants flower repeatedly over the course of their lifespan and have separate male and female flowers, although these are borne together on the same inflorescence. Although records of pollinators are limited, most species appear to be pollinated by insects. The fruit are eaten by several birds and mammals, including at least two species of amazon parrots.
Carl Ludwig Willdenow coined the name ''Aiphanes'' in 1801. Before that, species belonging to the genus had been placed in ''Bactris'' or ''Caryota''. The name ''Martinezia'' had also been applied to the genus, and between 1847 and 1932 it was generally used in place of ''Aiphanes''. Max Burret resurrected the name ''Aiphanes'' in 1932, and laid the basis for the modern concept of the genus. ''Aiphanes'' is most closely related to several other genera of spiny palms—''Acrocomia'', ''Astrocaryum'', ''Bactris'' and ''Desmoncus''. Two species are widely planted as ornamentals and the fruit, seeds or palm heart of several species have been eaten by indigenous peoples of the Americas for millennia.
==Description==
''Aiphanes'' is a genus of spiny palms ranging from tall subcanopy trees to small shrubs with subterranean stems growing in the forest understorey.〔Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 4〕 Its name combines the Ancient Greek ''ai'', meaning "always", with ''phaneros'', meaning "evident", "visible" or "conspicuous".〔Borchsenius & Bernal (1996), p. 2〕 In their 1996 monograph on the genus, botanists Finn Borchsenius and Rodrigo Bernal pointed out that "ironically, species of ''Aiphanes'' are generally very hard to spot and find in dense vegetation and, accordingly, are among the most poorly collected neotropical palms".〔
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