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Aizanoi
Aizanoi (), Latinized as Aezani was an ancient city in western Anatolia. Located in what is now Çavdarhisar, Kütahya Province, its ruins are situated astride the River Penkalas, some above sea level. The city was an important political and economic centre in Roman times; surviving remains from the period include a well-preserved Temple of Zeus, unusual combined theatre-stadium complex, and macellum inscribed with the Price Edict of Diocletian. The city fell into decline in Late Antiquity. Later serving as a citadel, in 2012 the site was submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aizanoi Ancient City )〕
==History==
Settlement in the area is known from the Bronze Age. The city may have derived its name from Azan, one of three sons of Arcas and the nymph Erato, legendary ancestors of the Phrygians.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Çavdarhisar Kaymakamlığı )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Go Turkey )〕 During the Hellenistic period the city changed hands between the Kingdom of Pergamum and the Kingdom of Bithynia, before being bequeathed to Rome by the former in 133 BC. It continued to mint its own coins.〔 Its monumental buildings date from the early Empire to the 3rd century.
Aezani was part of the Roman province of Phrygia Pacatiana. It became a Christian bishopric at an early stage, and its bishop Pisticus (or Pistus) was a participant at the First Council of Nicaea, the first ecumenical council, in 325. Pelagius was at a synod that Patriarch John II of Constantinople hastily organized in 518 and that condemned Severus of Antioch; he was also at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553. Gregory was at the Trullan Council of 692, John at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, and Theophanes at both the Council of Constantinople (869) and the Council of Constantinople (879).〔Michel Lequien, (''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus'' ), Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 799-800〕〔Sophrone Pétridès, v. ''Aezani'', in (''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques'' ), vol. I, Paris 1909, coll. 670-671〕 The bishopric was at first a suffragan of Laodicea but, when Phrygia Pacatiana was divided into two provinces, it found itself a suffragan of Hierapolis, the capital of the new province of Phrygia Pacatiana II.〔Heinrich Gelzer, (''Ungedruckte und ungenügend veröffentlichte Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum'' ), in: Abhandlungen der philosophisch-historische classe der bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1901, p. 540, nº 321 and p. 558, nº 623.〕〔Darrouzès Jean, (''Listes épiscopales du concile de Nicée (787)'' ), in ''Revue des études byzantines'', 33 (1975), p. 55.〕 No longer a residential bishopric, Aezani is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.〔''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 892〕
After the 7th century, Aezani fell into decline. Later, in Seljuk times, the temple hill was converted into a citadel ((トルコ語:hisar)) by Çavdar Tatars, after which the recent settlement of Çavdarhisar is named.〔〔〔 The ruins of Aezani/Aizanoi were discovered by European travellers in 1824. Survey work in the 1830s and 1840s was followed by systematic excavation conducted by the German Archaeological Institute from 1926, resumed in 1970, and still ongoing.〔〔〔
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