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Ajatashatru
Ajatashatru (; Pali: Ajātasattu; ) was a king of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha in North India. He was the son of King Bimbisara (558–491 BCE). He was contemporary with Mahavira (540–468 BCE) and Gautama Buddha (563–483 BCE). He took over the kingdom of Magadha from his father, forcefully by imprisoning him. He fought a war against Vajji, ruled by the Lichhavis, and conquered the republic of Vaishali. Ajatashatru followed policies of conquest and expansion. He defeated his neighbors including the king of Kosala; his brothers, when at odds with him, went to Kashi, which had been given to Bimbisara as dowry. This led to a war between Magadha and Kosala. Ajatashatru occupied Kashi and captured the smaller kingdoms. Magadha under Ajatashatru became the most powerful kingdom in North India.
==Birth==
Ajatashatru is also known as Kunika. The ancient inscription in Government Museum, Mathura refers to him as ''vaidehi putra Ajatashatru Kunika''. The story of Ajatashatru is found in the ''Tripiṭaka'' of Buddhism and Jain Agamas. The account of Ajatashatru's birth is more or less similar in both the traditions. According to Jainism, Ajatashatru was born to King Bimbisara and Queen Chelna; Buddhist tradition records Ajatashatru being born to Bimbisara and Kosala Devi. It is worthwhile to note that both the queens were called "Vaidehi" in both the traditions. Thus Ajatashatru being called ''Vaidehiputra'' in the inscription at the Mathura museum does not clarify his mother's name.
According to the Jain ''Nirayavalika Sutta'', during her pregnancy Queen Chelna had the strong desire to eat fried flesh of her husband's heart and drink liquor. Meanwhile, the very intelligent Prince Abhayakumara, son of King Bimbisara and Queen Nanda, fried a wild fruit that resembled a heart and gave it to the queen. The queen ate it and later felt ashamed for having such a demonic desire and she feared that the child might grow up and prove fatal for the family, thus after a few months of the child being born, the queen had him thrown out of the palace. When the child was lying near the garbage dump, a cock bit his little finger. King Bimbisara, learning about the child being thrown out, ran outside and picked up the child and put its bleeding little finger in his mouth and sucked it until it stopped bleeding and continued this for days until it was healed. As the little finger of the child was sore, he was nicknamed ''Kunika'' "Sore Finger". Later he was named ''Asokacanda''.〔Jain Aagam Uvavai Sutra chapter: Kunika〕
In the Buddhist ''Atthakatha'', the above story is almost the same, except that Kosaladevi desired to drink blood from Bimbisara's arm; the king obliged her and, later, when the child was thrown near the garbage dump, due to an infection he got a boil on his little finger and the king sucked it and once while sucking it the boil burst inside the king's mouth, but due to affection for his child he did not spit the pus out, rather swallowed it.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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